BEYOND
PHYSICAL LAWS
30/7/2012
MOST PHOTOS
BELOW ARE TAKEN IN THE LIMITED SPACE OF MY BACK YARD GARDEN.
WE ARE YET
WORKING AND EXPERIMENTING ON IT.
THE LIMIT FOR THE
HEIGHT,
ENERGY’S NATURAL
CREATION-FREE ENERGY,
THE SECRET OF LIFE FOR
HUMANS AND PLANTS,
ASSOCIATION
WITH ANTIGRAVITY-GRAVITY.
FIRST THE
APPLE HAD TO GET
TO A CERTAIN HEIGHT ON THE APPLE TREE, IN THE FORM OF JUICES
THAT CONSTITUTED
THE APPLE, GAINING A POTENTIAL GRAVITATIONAL ENERGY OF mgh,
WHERE m IS THE MASS OF THE APPLE, g IS THE INTENSITY OF
GRAVITY AND h THE
HEIGHT.
THI ENERGY
MIGHT BE
CONSIDERED TO BE PROVIDED BY THE EVAPORATION OF WATER FROM THE
LEAVES, HAVING SOME KIND OF A
VALVE AND HEATED BY THE SUN,
AND CREATING A HYPO-PRESSURE THAT RAISES MORE MATERIALS
BY THE ROOTS AND
TRUNK OF TREE. HOWEVER PUMPING AND RISING WATER LIQUIDS IN A TUBE,
CAN BE DONE TO A HEIGHT OF ABOUT 10 METERS. THIS IS THE LIMIT
OF A VACUUM PUMP,
RISING WATER MATERIALS BY CREATING A VACUUM OF THE LEAST
PRESSURE OF 0 ATMOSPHERES, NO
LESS POSSIBLE, CORRESPONDING TO
A COLUMN OF WATER OF ABOUT 10 METERS AND RISING THE
MAXIMUM WEIGHT
OF THIS COLUMN....HOWEVER, THERE ARE TREES OF 20, 30,
40, 50 METERS TALL
THAT RISE WATER MATERIALS AND MATERIALS OF THEIR TRUNK TO
THESE HEIGHTS !
YOU
MIGHT CONSIDERED THAT THE RISING
IS DUE TO A CAPILLARY PHENOMENON,
THAT THE NARROWER IS THE CAPILLARY TUBE, THE HIGHER IS THE
RISING HEIGHT!
I
HAVE TO REMIND
YOU THAT CAPILLARY PHENOMENA MAY PRODUCE A STATIONARY
POTENTIAL WORK, NOT A CONTINUES
AND REPEATED ONE. OTHERWISE, THEY COULD MAKE A PERPETUAL MOBILE,
CREATING CONTINUOUSLY ENERGY.
THERFORE,
THE
PROBLEM THERE REMAINS. I DOUBT, KYR NEWTON, (KYR STANDS FOR
THE POPULAR
GREEK WORD Mr,THAT THE ENGLISH WORD
SIR COMES FROM),
THAT YOU WOULD HAD SOLVED IT, IF I HAD POINTED IT TO YOU,
THEN.
PLANTS HAVE
DIFFERENT
BEHAVIOUR WHEN THEY ARE ALIVE COMPARED WHEN THY ARE DEAD. FOR
A EXAMPLE A DEA TREE APPLE TREE
DOES NOT PRODUCE APPLES,
NEITHER IT GROWS, THOUGH ITS CAPILLARY TUBES MAY MECHANICALLY
FUNCTION NORMALLY
AND EVAPORATION FROM THE DEAD LEAVES MAY NORMALLY OCCUR.
THIS IS NOT
THE ONLY
CHARACTERISTICS THAT DIFFERENTIATE DEAD AND ALIVE.
A VERY MUCH
REPEAT AND MUCH
VERIFIED PURELY GRAVITATIONAL PHENOMENON IS REPORTED IN THE
LITERATURE, FOR AN
ALIVE AND JUST DIED PERSON.
EXPECTED TO
DIE SICK PERSONS
LYING IN BED ARE REPEATEDLY WEIGHTED, AND AS SOON AS THEY DIE
FOR THEIR
SICKNESS, THEY WERE WEIGHTED
AGAIN. A DIFFERENCE
OF SEVERAL GRAMS IS FOUND. A LOSS OF SEVERAL GRAMS OCCURS FOR
THE JUST DIED
PERSON, COMPARED WITH THE LAST WEIGHT, WHEN HE WAS ALIVE.!
....
BAROTROPISM
FOR GROWING SEEDS.
BAROTROPISM
(MEANING
DIRECTION WITH GRAVITY) IS JUST A GREEK WORD,, BUT THE REAL
PHENOMENON IS VERY
COMPLICATED. A SEED, AS SOON, STARTS GROWING, INSIDE THE SOIL,
INDEPENDENTLY OF
ITS DIRECTION, IS DIRECTED UPWARDS, AGAINST THE OPPOSITION OF
SOIL. THERE MUST
BE AN EXTRA SENCE OF THE SEED FOR THIS, PLUS EXTRA ENERGY, FOR
IT IS NOT
FINDING THE PATH OF LEAST
OPPOSITION, BUT ON THE
AVERAGE THE PATH OF MAXIMUM OPOSITION, FOR TO ITS RESITANCE,
GRAVITY RESISTANCE
IS ADDED!
DIFFERENT
IDENTICAL SEEDS,
DEPENDING IN THEIR ORIENTATION AND PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES,
SPEND DIFFERENT
ENERGIES TO GROW ISIDE THE SOIL AND BEFORE START TO METABOLIZE
SOLAR ENERGY
ABOVE THE GROUND.
THESE
DIFFERENT ENERGIES,
OBVIOUSLY, ARE OFFERED BY THE GRAVITY INTERACTING WITH LIVING
MATTER!
PHOTO 1
AN OLD FASHION PETROL LAMP, FILLED WITH
PETROL, LIGHTS NORMALLY, SUCKING
OIL FROM ITS RESERVOIR ,AS WE ARE FAMILIAR WITH.
THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM IS THE FOLLOWING: THE PETROL, AT THE
UPPER END OF THE
WICK, IS EVAPORATED OR BURNT BY THE FLAME THERE THAT IS ABOUT
300 DEGREES
CELCIOUS. NEW PETROL IS SUCKED UP BY THE CAPILLARY ACTION OF
THE WICK, UNTIL
THE PETROL, IN THE RESERVOIR, IS EXHAUSTED.
PHOTO 2
THE UPPER BURNING PART OF THE LAMP IS
REMOVED FROM ITS PETRO RESERVOIR,
AND FIT INTO A COMMON SODA BOTTLE, AS A MUCH BIGGER RESERVOIR
WITH THE SAME
QUANTITY OF PETROL AS IN ITS ORIGINAL RESERVOIR,
AS SHOWN. IN
THIS WAY, NEW LAMP, DOES NOT LIT, WITH A LONGER WICK
FROM THE SAME
MATERIAL, WET, AND THE END OF ITS LOWER PART SUBMERGED
INSIDE THE PETROL.
NO ATTEMPTED FLAME WAS ABLE TO SUSTAIN AND TO SUCK
PETROL. OBVIOUSLY THE
ROPE WAS LONGER IN LENGTH THAN THE POSSIBLE SUCKING LIMIT ! SO
THERE IS HERE A
SUCKING OR CAPILLARY LENGTH LIMIT, IN THIS CASE OF ABOUT 40 CM
!
PHOTO 3
FROM MY BACK YARD GARDEN, COMPARE THE
HEIGT OF THE LAMP AND THE
RESERVOIR BOTTLE THAT DOES SUCK WITH A PLANT THA IS SUCKING
MATERIALS 10 TIMES
THAN THE THE SAME SUCKING LAMP !
PHOTOS 4 AND 5
TWO PHΟTOS OF THE SAME TREE FROM DIFFERENT
DISTANCES,
IN MY GARDEN, COMPARE THE NON
SUCKING BOTTLE RESERVOIR ON THE
GROUND, USED AS PART OF A NEW LAMP, WITH THE TRUNK OF A
SUCKING TREE, AT LEAST
60 TIMES HIGHTER
PHOTO 6
COMPARE THE PEOPLE ON THE GROUND WITH THIS
BIG SEQUOIA TREE.
PHOTO 7
COMPARISON OF BIG TREES, WITH KNOWN VERY
TALL STATUES AND BUILDINGS
THE CAUSING
MOTIVATION-ENERGY OF THE CAPILLARY SUCKING IS THE HEATING AT
THE TOP OF THE
WICK OR THE ,LEAVES, CAUSING THE
EVAPORATION OR THE
BURNING OF THE SUCKED LIQUID. FOR THE LAMP THIS HEATING IS THE
MAXIMUM.
COMPARED TO THE TREES OR PLANTS, WHICH IS THE HEATING OF THE
LEAVES BY THE
SUN-AND IT IS MXIMUM 55
DEGREES CELCIOUS,, WHICH
IS FAR INFERIOR TO THE HEATING OF THE FLAME OF LAMP-300
DEGREES CELCIOUS AT THE
UPPER END OF THE WICK.. HOWEVER THE CAPILLARY SUCKING OF THE
LAMP IS THE
MINIMIUM. THE SUCKING ABILITY COMPARED TO THE SUCKING ABILITY
OF LIVING PLANTS,
WHICH IS IS FAR SUPERIOR TO THE
DEAD PLANTS ABILITY
OR MECHANICAL ABILITY.
PHOTO 8 AND 9
9/8/12
TWO
SIMILAR LEAVES WERE CUT FROM THE PLANT IN THE POT, SEE
ONE OF THE ABOVE PICTURES.
ONE WAS LET TO DRY AND DIE, THE OTHER WAS PUT IN A VASE WITH
WATER AS IN A
FLOWER POT. SEE RIGHT PICTURE.
PHOTO
10 AND 11
THE LEAVE IN THE
WATER VASE REMAINS GREEN, AND THE
VASE WATER DIMINISHES WITHOUT ALLOWING DIRECT
EVAPORTION. APPRENTLY THE MISSIG WATER IS ABSORBED BY THE
LEAVE.
PHOTO 12
19/8/12
AS WE CAN SEE,
THE PIECE IN THE POT, REMAINS
FRESH AND GREEN, THOUGH, THE ALONE PIECE GETS
DRY AND YELLOW. THIS CONFIRMS,
THAT THE PIECE IN THE
VASE ABSORBS WATER, AS WE CAN CHECK THE VASE DROPPING THE
WATER LEVEL DOWN,
THOUGH IT IS COVERED WITH PLASTIC TAPE TO PREVENT DIRECT
EVAPORATION. THE PIECE
ALONE, EVAPORATES WATER, WITHOUT
THE POSSIBILITY TO
REPLACE IT. SO IT GETS DRY INDICATED WITH THE YELLOW COLOR IT
GES.
PHOTOS 13 AND
14
29/8/12
THE ABOVE PHOTOS
INDICATE THE LAST, TENTH DAY, THE
PHENOMENON MORE
EMPHATICALLY, THE SAME, AS ABOVE.
FARTHER DROP OF THE
WATER IN THE VASE AND FARTHER DRY,
YELLOW, FOR THE ALONE LEAVE.
PHOTOS 15
AND 16
7/9/12
THE ABOVE PHOTOS INDICATE THE DROP
FOR THE DRIED LEAVE WAS AGAINST WHAT WAS EXPECTED FOR A
DRIED AND THIRSTY LEAVE
FOR THE SAME PERIOD OF TIME OF TEN DAYS, ONLY A VERY
SMALL FRACTIONOF THE DROP OF THE JUST CUT
FRESH LEAVE.
WHAT MADE THE DRIED AND DIED
LEAVE UNEXPECTEDLY TO ABSORB SO LITTLE WATER?
APPARENTLY THE DRIED AND DIED LOST A MECHANISM OR
ANTIGRAVITY THAT MADE IT TO
ABSORB WATER MORE WHEN IT WAS ALIVE. BUT A PLANT HAS NO
MOVING PARTS,
THEREFORE, NO MECHANISM, SO IT REMAINS ONLY THE ANTIGRAVITY,
THAT ORIENTS IT
UPWARDS, TOO. THIS EXPLAINS TOO WHY THE TREES GROW SO HIGH,
AGAINST NEWTONIAN
MECHANICS AND GRAVITY.
PHOTOS 17 AND .18
17/9/12
THE
SAME EXPERIMENT, WITH THE
LEAVE BENDED DOWNWARDS, SO THAT THE WATER IN IT, HAD TO FLOW,
ALSO, DOWNWARDS,
THIS TIME. UNUSUAL FOR PLANTS, WHICH, THEM SELVES AND THE
WATER IN THEM, HAD TO
GO UP, NOT DOWN, AGAINST GRAVITY .
AFTER THE SAME PERIOD OF TEN DAYS, THE DROP OF WATER IN THE VASE,
WAS CONSIDERABLE AND SOME HOW MORE THAN ALL THE PREVIOUS
CASES. HOWEVER, NOT
ENOUGH WATER, APPARENTLY, REACHED THE END LEAF ITSELF, SO
THAT, THE LEAF
STARTED, STRANGELY ENOUGH, GETTING DRY, AS SEEN BY ITS
YELLOWISH COLOR,
AS THE WATER FLOW IN IT, WANTED TO GO NOT AGAINST THE GRAVITY,
AS USUAL FOR
PLANTS, BUT FOLLOWING THE OPPOSITE WAY AND IN FAVOR OF AN
ANTIGRAVITY.
PHOTOS 19 AND 20
20/9/12
TWO PHOTOS SHOWING TWO TREES
FROM MY BACK YARD GARDEN, INITIALLY RESTRICTED IN GROWING
VERTICALLY, THEY ARE
BENDED TOWARDS HORIZONTALLY
TO OVER COME THE
OBSTACLE. BUT PASSING IT, THEY TURN AGAIN VERTICALLY.
27/9/2012
PHOTO 21
THE LEAVE PLACED
HORIZONTALLY INSIDE THE
HORIZONTAL BOTTLE WITH WATER.
PHOTOS 22 AND 23
AS WE SEE
THE ENDING OF THE LEAVE WAS
SUBMERGED IN THE WATER, BUT THE LEAVE ITSELF STARTED GETTING
YELLOWISH AND DRY
IN THE TENTH DAY,
QUICKER THAN IT WAS VERTICAL, IN A SIMILAR
EXPERIMENT.
PHOTO 24
THE HORIZONTAL
LEAVE GETS YELLOWISH AND DRIER.
1/10/2012
PHOTO 25
A BRANCH OF A TREE WAS
RECENTLY CUT FROM MY BACK YARD
GARDEN, CONTAINING NO LEAVES AT ALL. SHORTLY NEW LEAVES CAME
OUT FROM THE TOP
OF THE CUT BRANCH DIRECTED UPWARDS AGAINST GRAVITY. AS THEY
BECOMING MANY OF
THEM, THEY WERE SQUEEZED AND THERE WAS NOT MUCH SPACE FOR
THE LATER COMING OUT
ONES, AND THE NEW ONES HAD TO COME OUT AT AN ANGLE TO THE
VERTICAL. THE NEW
ONES GAINED GRADUALLY SPACE AGAIN, BUT
STARTED DIRECTED UPWARDS AGAIN,
MAKING A CURVED SHAPE, GETTING THE END MORE UP. OBVIOUSLY,
THIS SHAPE WAS NOT
MADE FOR GETTING MORE SUN, AS THE INITIAL DIRECTION AND
STRAIGHT SHAPE PROVIDED
NATURALLY MORE SUN.
PHOTO 26
INDISPUTABLE
CREATION OF ENERGY-FREE ENERGY.
NEW LEAVES
COME OUT, HAVING GRAVITATIONAL
POTENTIAL ENERGY. WHERE DOES THIS ENERGY COME FROM? YOU MAY SUGGEST
FROM THE AMBIENT LIGHT
ENERGY. THEN, I MAY QUESTION, SINCE THIS AMBIENT LIGHT
ENERGY RADIATES ALSO THE
SHORT BRANCH EQUALLY WELL, WHY FROM THE SHORT BRANCH,
SIMILAR LEAVES DO NOT
COME OUT ?
IF WE SAY,
THAT AMBIENT RADIATION ON THE
LEAVES THEMSELVES, THEN, WE MAY QUESTION, WHAT ENERGY
BROUGHT UP THE MATERIALS
OF THE LEAVES, IN THE FIRST PLACE AND BEFORE THE LEAVES
APPEARED THEMSELVES?
PHOTO 27
PHOTO 28
THE THREE LAST PHOTOS,
THEY INDICATE THREE CUT
BRANCHES. THE LEFT TWO BRANCHES ARE MEDIUM, AND THE THIRD
BRANCH IS VERY SHORT
SIZE. THE TWO MEDIUM SIZE ARE
PRODUCING NEW LEAVES AT
THE VERY TOP END, AND THE THIRD SHORT AND LOW BRANCH,
PRODUCES NOTHING, NEITHER
ALL OVER IT, AS A DEAD BRANCH.
THE CONCLUSION OF THIS
OBSERVATION IS: RELATIVE LONG
BRANCHES STAY ALIVE, AND
THAT LEAVES APPEAR
AFTER A CERTAIN HEIGHT OF THE BRANCH, AND AS HIGH AS
POSSIBLE ON IT.
4/10/2012
PHOTO 29
THIS PHOTO SHOWS THE
LEFT OVER
SHORT SECTION OF A
LEAVE AFTER CUTTING THE LEAVE FOR THE
PREVIOUS EXPERIMENTS,
27/9/2012. THE LEFT SHORT
SECTION WITHOUT THE
END LEAVE, THOUGH VERTICAL TURNS
YELLOW AND DRY, CONTRARY TO THE LONG
SECTION
LEAVES, PLACED VERTICAL IN A VASE OF WATER, REMAINED GREEN.
THE CONCLUSION IS,
THOUGH, THE LEFT OVER SHORT
SECTION, THAT LEFT
TO ITS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, DRIED, CONTRARY TO THE PLACED
VERTICAL LONG SECTION LEAVES, IN
A VASE OF WATER.
THE LENGTH OF SECTIONS
OF THE LEAVE OR THE LEFT OVER LENGTHS
OF SECTIONS
PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE. THE RISING WATER IS NOT DUE TO
CAPILLARY TUBES,
EXISTING IN THE LEFT SECTION, BUT DUE
TO ITS LENGTH.
IT REMAINS TO BE
CLARIFIED FARTHER, WHETHER, IT IS
INDEED DUE TO THE SHORT SIZE OF THE SHORT
SECTION OR TO THE MISSING LEAF ITSELF AT THE END OR TO BOTH
FACTS.
8/10/2012
PHOTO 30
PHOTO 31,32
THE LEFT OVER TWO
LONG
SECTIONS WITHOUT LEAVES ARE ABSOLUTE GREEN COMPARED WITH THE SHORT SECTION CUT ON 27/9/2012,
WHICH WAS YELLOWISH AT THE SAME
PERIOD-AGE, THERE EXISTS NO CORRESPONDING PICTURE TO SHOW.
THE SHORT DEAD SECTION
CORRESPONDS TO THE SHORTCUT
AND DIED BRANCH OF THE TREE,
PHOTOS 26 AND 28.
10/10/2012
PHOTO 33
THIS WAS THE
PIECE FROM THE CUT OFF BRANCH, THAT
WAS THE SHORTEST LEFT ON THE TREE. BECAUSE OF
THE MOISTURE AROUND THE GROUND, NEW LEAVES APPEARED IN ALMOST
ON THE TOP, IN
THE MIDDLE OF IT, AND LYING HORIZONTALLY ON THE GROUND. WE
DECIDED TO CUT SHORT
ITS LONGER END FROM THE FLOURISHED LEAVES, AND BURRY THE PIECE
LEFT, WITH
THE FLOURISHED
LEAVES ALMOST, BUT NOT TOTALLY ON THE TOP. AFTER SOME TIME THE
LEAVES STARTED
TO GROW AGAIN UPWARD. THEN WE DECIDED TO UNBURY THE BURIED
PIECE AND PHOTOGRAPH
IT, PHOTO 33. WE SEE THAT THE LEAVES HAD TURNED COMPLETED
UPWARDS, AND WAS
NOT
AT THE VERY END, AS THE FLOURISHED LEAVES ON THE
STANDING UP BRANCHES,
WITH TH END RESULT TO BE ALSO A LINED TO THE GRAVITY, UPWARDS,
WITH PIECE
HAVING NOW ROTATED, BUT THE LEAVES REALIZED THE ROTATION AND
HAVING REACTED TO
IT.
11/10/2012
PHOTO 34
\
ρ(-ga)h=(dm/dV)(-ga)h=-(dm/(Sdh)(ga)h=(dm/S)(-ga)h/dh
Pa=dm/(Sh)(-ga)h/dh=-dm(ga/S)/dh
Αν, (If), ga/dV=ga/(Sdh),
PHOTO
35
PHOTO
36
IN
THE UPPER TWO PHOTOS, WE SEE LEAVES ONLY IN THE UPPER PART OF
THE TREE, WHERE
THE “HYDROSTATIC”
PRESSURE OF
ANTIGRAVITY, IS HIGHER, AS USUAL,
PROVIDED
FOR Ptotal=ρ(g-Ga)h, g-Ga
to be a
negative number.
15/10/2012
PHOTO
37, 38
PHOTO 39, 40
IN THESE FOUR
PICTURES, WE SEE TREES WITH CONIC
SHAPE TRUNK, OR NEAR CONIC,
OR ALMOST CYLINDRICAL TRUNK. THE ONES WITH
VERY CONIC SHAPE TRUNK,
BECAUSE THE TRUNK BECOMES EVENTUALLY TOO NARROW, ARE NOT VERY
TALL. THOUGH THE ONES WITH NEAR
CYLINDRICAL SHAPE TRUNK ARE VERY TALL OR
GROWING TO BECOME VERY TALL.
NOTICE, THE
NEAR GROUND
LEAVES ARE DRY AND DEAD,
BECAUSE THE
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE THERE, (SEE
ANTIGRAVITY EQUATION), IS NOT ENOUGH TO FEED THEM, AND AS A
RESULT, THEY HAVE
BEEN DE LIBERTY REMOVED. SEE THE TREES WITH THE ALMOST
CYLINDRICAL SHAPE TRUNK
ARE VERY TALL, PHOTOS 4 AND 5.
22/10/2012
PHOTO
40, 41
THE CUT SHORT
BRANCH, THOUGH NEWER, GETS
YELLOWISH ON THE RIGHT LOWER PART OF THE LEFT PICTURE, WITH
RESPECT TO THE LONG
CUT BRANCH OF THE SAME PICTURE.
THE SHORT CUT LEAF, THOUGH IN A WATER VASE, GETS PREMATURELY YELLOWISH WITH RESPECT TO THE PREVIOUS LONG BRANCH LEAVES.
5/11/2012
PHOTOS 42,43
AS SOON, WE CUT SHORTER THE YELLOWISH SHORT BRANCH ON THE RIGHT BOTTON OF THE LEFT PICTURE, THIS SHORTER LEFT BRANCH START TO TURN YELLOW VERY QUICKLY, IN A FEW DAYS ONLY, WITH RESPECT TO THE LONG CUT BRANCH ON TH RIGHT OF THE PICTURE. THE VERY RIGHT PICTURE SHOWS THE SHORT CUT LEAVE ABSOLUTELY DRY AND DEAD BY NOW, COMPARED TO THE LONGER CUT LEAVE
21/11/2012
THE VERY SHORT CUT BRANCH ON THE RIGHT, IS COMPLETELY DRY, DEAD AND BROWNISH. THE MUCH LONGER BRANCH, ON THE LEFT OF THE PICTURE, CUT THE SAME TIME WITH THE SHORT, IS STILL GREEN AND ALIVE. ON ITS LOWER PART, CORRESPONDIG TO THE VERY SHORT BRANCH, LOOKS A DIFFERENT COLLOR, THAN THE REST, SHOWING SOMETHING DIFFRENT HAPPENS THERE.
4/12/2012
AFTER 15 DAYS THE LONGE CUT SECTION IS THESAME, HOWEVER, THE VERY SHORT COMPLETELY DRY AND DEAD.
OUR RESULTS ARE CONFIRMED AND REPEATEDLY RECONFIRMED.
THE CONCLUSION IS ESTABLISHED,
WITH THE REQUIREMENT OF REPEATABILITY:
THESE
FACTS OF LONG BRANCHES ABILITIES
TO RAISE WATER (MORE ANTIGRAVITY), MAKE,
THE
LIVING PLANTS, THE LIVING PEOPLE (MORE
GRAVITY), ABSOLUTELY DISTINCT FROM MECHANICAL SYSTEMS.
RELEVANT REFERENCES.
In 1901, Massachusetts
surgeon Dr. Duncan MacDougall
attempted to prove the existence of the soul by weighing a
person before, and right after,
death. He hacked an industrial beam
scale so that it could be attached to a hospital bed. Then, he
began to seek
out a subject in the terminally ill patients at the hospital.
First up was a
man dying of tuberculosis. According to MacDougall, “The
instant life ceased,
the opposite scale pan fell with a suddenness that was
astonishing – as if
something had been lifted from the body.” Apparently, 21 grams
was missing from
his body. MacDougall reproduced the experiment several more
times. The
physician's work has become a classic tale that, of course, is
still widely
cited by philosophers, skeptics, and "believers." And yes,
it's
MacDougall's experiments that inspired the film 21 Grams too.
Fortean Times weighs the truths,
half-truths, and unknowns
of "the strange deathbed experiment of Dr. MacDougall." From
FT:
Deducing
exactly what
went on in MacDougall’s laboratory after more than a century
has passed is no
easy task, but a possible insight comes from some written
correspondence
between MacDougall and Richard Hodgson. These letters (which
were later
published by the American Society of Psychical Research) start
in November
1901, after MacDougall’s first experiment, and continue until
May 1902, when
the entire project was halted. They contain a full description
of MacDougall’s
methods, results and the circumstances of all six patients
which, when compared
with his American Medicine paper, offer some clues to the
solution of this
mystery.
MacDougall’s
letters make
it plain that, with the exception of the first patient, all
the experiments
were beset with problems that may be broadly divided into one
of two
categories. The first problem was in ascertÂaining
the exact time of death, an issue that appears to affect
patients two, three
and six. MacDougall acknowledged this with the second patient,
where the period
of uncertainty lasted for 15 minutes, but with patient three
it is only in his
letters that we learn of “a jarring of the scales” made while
trying to
determine “whether or not the heart had ceased to beat”.
Patient six was
excluded for other reasons (see below), but in his letters
MacDougall remarks
that “I am inclined to believe that he passed away while I was
adjusting the
beam”, which again suggests uncertainty as to the exact moment
of death.
The second
issue was a
problem relating to the measuring equipment itself, which
MacDougall himself
cited as a reason for voiding the results of patients four and
six. However,
with the fifth patient the measured drop in weight at death
was later followed
by an evident malfunction, as the scales could not afterwards
be made to
re-balance themselves correctly. In any objectÂive
experiment this uncertainty would have voided the result, but
at no point does
MacDougall question the reliability of his set-up. Thus, of
the six patients,
just one (the first) appears to have been measured without
mishap, but repeated
troubles with the equipment and with determining the moment of
death perhaps
casts doubt on even these results. Thus, rather than trying to
find a physical
cause for the loss of weight at death, it is conceivable that
there was no loss
of weight at all, or that it might not have coincided with the
moment of death.
Only a complete retrial with human patients will answer these
questions, and
that has so far not been forthcoming.
================================================================================
That’s the astonishing claim of East
German researchers who recently weighed more than 200
terminally ill patients
just before, and immediately after, their deaths.
In each case the weight loss was
exactly the same–1/3,000th of an ounce.
“The inescapable conclusion is that we
have now confirmed the existence of the human soul and
determined its weight,”
Dr. Becker Mertens of Dresden
said in a letter
printed in the German science journal Horizon.
“The challenge before us now is to
figure out exactly what the soul is composed of”, he
continued. “We are
inclined to believe that it is a form of energy. “But our
attempts to identify
this energy have been unsuccessful to date.”
The expert’s report, co-authored by
physicist Elke Fisher, got
mixed review from top
scientists around the world. Gerard Voisart,
the
leading French pathologist, was especially critical, saying
that the weight
difference between the living and the dead could be
accounted for by air
leaving the lungs. But Drs. Fisher and Mertens
said
they took that into account in making their calculations.
They further stated
that the device they used to weigh the soul has a margin of
error of less than
1/100,000th of an ounce.“It
occurred to us that the weight loss could be the result of
an instantaneous
physical deterioration,” said Dr. Fisher. “But after
exhaustive study we agreed
that was not the case. The only possible explanation is
that we were
measuring the loss of the human soul or some kind of life
force.”
The communist scientists were
careful not to link their study of the soul with a superior
being or with
afterlife. But church leaders contacted by the European
press said the experts’
report confirmed the existence of God and heaven–and praised
their breakthrough
research.
“It’s ironic that communist
scientists would conduct a search for the soul, much less
declare that they
found it,” said one clergyman.
Repeated attempts to get an official
statement from the Vatican were unsuccessful. But one highly
placed source said
Pope John Paul II was aware of the German study. And he
reportedly was most
impressed. “The Roman Catholic Church has never concerned
itself with the
weight of the soul, but we are pleased with scientific
confirmation of its
existence,” the source said.
From the
tabloid, Weekly World News, Nov. 8, 1988. By Ragan Dunn. This story appeared in
the same issue as a
story headlined, “Painting of Elvis weeps real tears”, and
“Psychic makes river
run backwards”.In the earliest
20th century, Dr Duncan
McDougall measured the human soul at 21 grams.(The movie 21 Grams is based on the
same findings).
In 1907, MacDougall weighed six
patients while they were in the process of dying from
tuberculosis in an old
age home. It was relatively easy to determine when death was
only a few hours away, and at
this point the entire bed was placed on an
industrial sized scale which was apparently sensitive to the
gram. He took his
results (a varying amount of perceived mass loss in most of
the six cases) to
support his hypothesis that the soul had mass, and when the
soul departed the
body, so did this mass. The determination of the soul
weighing 21 grams was
based on the average loss of mass in the six patients. Other
studies were soon
put forward to confirm the results. Experiments on mice and
other animals took
place. Most notably the weighing upon death of sheep seemed
to create mass for
a few minutes which later disappeared. The hypothesis was
made that a soul
portal formed upon death which then whisked the soul away.In
the Roman Catholic Church, Saint Michael has four main roles
or offices. He is
the Christian angel of death, carrying the souls of all the
deceased to heaven,
where they are weighed in his perfectly balanced scales
(hence Michael is often
depicted holding scales). At the hour of death, Michael
descends and gives each
soul the chance to redeem itself before passing, thus
consternating the devil
and his minions. St Michael is the special patron of the
Chosen People in the
Old Testament and is guardian of the Church; it was thus not
unusual for the
angel to be revered by the military orders of knights during
the Middle Ages. Last, he is the
supreme enemy of Satan and the
fallen angels.
=============================================
Soul
Has Weight
http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9D07E5DC123EE033A25752C1A9659C946697D6CF
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A physician once attempted to measure
the weight of the human soul
http://www.snopes.com/religion/soulweight.asp
UA-35232907-1