EXPANDING EARTH
BY Dr. PT PAPPAS
THE AUTHOR SUPPORTS THE EARTH EXPANSION BY THE CREATION OF MASS AND ENERGY AS SITED HERE. LITERATURE NOT BEING SO REVOLUTIONARY IS NOT A SUCH A STRONG SUPPORTER. INDEPENDENT ARGUMENTS FOR THE EARTH GROWING WILL BE PRESENTED HERE GRADUALLY BY THE AUTHOR.
PTP
OUR MAIN AND UNBEATABLE ARGUMENTS:
1. BIGGER (OR THE HEAVIER) FOWLS OR POULTRY THAT DO NOT FLY:
WHO EVER MADE -EVOLUTION OR GOD-THE BIGGER (OR THE
HEAVIER) FOWLS OR POULTRY, HAS MADE THEM WITH STRUCTURE TO FLY AND THEY
SHOULD HAVE BEEN FLYING IN THE PAST JUST AFTER THEIR EXISTENCE.
WHY THEY DO NOT
FLY NOW? WHAT HAS CHANGED IN THE MEAN TIME UNTIL TODAY?
ANSWER: INCREASE OF GRAVITY, DUE TO THE INCREASE OF MASS OF EARTH - INCREASE OF THE EARTH
2. Extinction of prehistoric huge animals (megathiriums,
mammoths).
This extinction happened when the earth reached the present size and gravity,
huge mammoths already very big and heavy, became even heavier to the point that
it was difficult to walk or not to walk and therefore to extinct. The only
mammoth that survived is the crocodile, elephant and the sea wale and shark to
mention a few if there more. The crocodile, because, either, it swims in the
water and partly being a reptile, or it lies on the ground with all its body,
not depending on its legs most of the time. The elephant, because, it
was not so big and heavy, having extra big and strong legs. The wale and
the shark, because, their weight is neutralized by its water
floatation.
3. Earth is called the Hydr-globe in Greek for its 2/3 of it's surface is covered with water. How this huge amount of water reached the Earth from the Big Universe explosion? When the elements were first formed they were still very hot. Therefore, water was in the form of vapour around Big Bang at zero pressure. Therefore, as gas it should have spread all around it and have been expanding in all directions. If water vapour had reached the Earth has concentrated and formed the oceans by 2/3 of the surface of Earth, then this should have for all the planets. Similarly and Generally, all the planets being fed by the Big Bang should all have similar constituency. They do not only have any similarity for water, but they do not have so for every element. All planets have very different content. Therefore, the content of every planet should be based on internal mechanism of every planet, depending on the initial elements composing the core of the planet, based on our principle "Similar mater produces similar matter inside the initial matter"
4. WATER FOUNTAINS COME OUT FROM THE TOPS AND
PEAKS OF HILLS AND MOUNTAINS ON MOST OF GREEK ISLANDS, PROVIDING PERFECTLY
DRINKING WATER. ORTHODOX GEOLOGISTS ASSUME THAT THIS WATER COMES FROM THE
MOUNTAINS OF ALPS BY UNDERGROUND AND UNDER THE SEA INTERCONNECTING TUBES,
LEADING TO THE TOPS AND PEAKS OF MOUNTAINS OF GREEK ISLANDS.
WHAT A CHILDISH EXPLANATION FOR CONFORMIST SCIENTISTS. THIS WATER WHEN RELEASED
INTO THE ATMOSPHERE HAS ZERO ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. HOWEVER, IT COMES FROM UNDER
THE BOTTOM OF SEA AT LEAST 100 METERS BELOW. THIS MEANS THAT FROM THE HIGHEST
POINT ON THE TOP OF A MOUNTAIN TO THE LOWEST POINT UNDER THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA,
THERE IS A HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, CORRESPONDING TO A DIFFERENCE OF AT LEAST OF
2000 METERS, WHICH MEANS IN THE LOWEST POINT, THERE IS A HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE OF
AT LEAST 200 ATMOSPHERES ! UNDER THESE CONDITIONS OF HIGH PRESSURE, WE WOULD
EXPECT THAT THE WATER WOULD HAVE FOUND A SIDE ESCAPE DURING AT LEAST SEVERAL
THOUSANDS YEARS TO NOW OR AT LEST TO MIX WITH THE SALTY SEA WATER. THE DRINKING
WATER MAY NOT COME FROM UNDER THE SEA TO THE PEAK OF A MOUNTAIN IN A GREEK
ISLAND SURROUNDED BY SEA !
THEREFORE, THE FOUNTAINS OF DRINKING WATER ON THE PEAK OF A MOUNTAINS OF A GREEK
ISLAND MAY NOT COME FROM OUTSIDE THE ISLAND. THIS WATER IS GENERATED ON THE
ISLAND, IT IS GENERATED INSIDE A BIG MASS, IT IS GENERATED INSIDE EACH MOUNTAIN
BY THE LAW OF "SIMILAR MATTER (SEA WATER) GENERATES SIMILAR MATTER" WHICH HAS
BEEN PRESENTED REPEATEDLY ELSEWHERE IN THIS WEB STE, SEE FOR EXAMPLE " SECTION
(3b) PRINCIPLE OF GOD'S CONTINUOUS CREATION"
5. MYSTERIES OF WATER FOUNTAINS THAT CAN ONLY B E
EXPLAINED AS ABOVE
ACROPOLIS ROCKY HILL
ON THE ACROPOLIS ROCKY HILL BEHIND KARIATIS THERE IS A WATER FOUNTAIN, THAT MAY
NOT BE ACCOUNTED TO ABSORPTION OF RAIN WATER AT ALL.
LYCABETUS ROCKY HILL
NEAR THE TOP OF THE LYCABETUS HILL IN CENTRAL ATHENS AT A HEIGHT OF ABOUT 300
METERS, THERE IS A CONTINUOUS WATER FOUNTAIN THAT MAY NOT BE ACCOUNTED TO RAIN
WATER THAT AS LONG IT FALLS BY A RAIN ALL OF IT WILL GET DOWN TO ABOUT A FEW
MINUTES
PAUSANIAS SMALL HILL CONTINUOUS WATER
FOUNTAIN.
IN ATHENS THERE IS A SMALL HILL, SMALLER THAN ACROPOLIS AND SMALLER AND SHORTER
THAN THE LYCABETUS HILL.
ON THE SIDE OF THIS HILL, THERE IS A WATER FOUNTAIN, PROVIDING LITTLE WATER ALL
THE YEAR AROUND, THROUGH ALL SUMMER TO ALL WINTER. THIS WATER WAS V RUNNING
OUTSIDE MY DOOR WHEN I WAS YOUNG BOY AND BEFORE IT WAS DIRECTED TO THE DRAINING
CITY SYSTEM.
IT IS ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE THAT THIS WATER TO COME FROM THE RAINING SEASON.
VOULIAGMENY BEACH WATER FOUNTAIN OUT SIDE ATHENS AT THE SEA LEVEL AT THE PRESENCE OF A TINY-TINY HILL OR AT THE ABSENCE OF ANY HILL, PROVIDING SEVERAL TONS OF WATER PER MINUTE.
6. OTHER SEA FOUNTAINS ARE NEAR THE SEA OR INSIDE THE SEA, WHERE LITTLE BOATS COULD PICK UP FRESH DRINKING WATER FROM THE SEA - AS IN ASTROS KYNOYRIAS SEA, GREECE
MOST OF THE HILLS IN GREECE ARE HAVING WATER FOUNTAINS. THEIR EXPLANATION CAN ONLY BE GIVEN AS ABOVE
WHY HILLS MOST OF THE TIME AND CONTINUOUSLY PROVIDE WATER?
BECAUSE WATER ON PLANET EARTH IS CONTINUALLY REPRODUCED, AS WE EXPLAINED ABOVE
7. WATER RUNS CONTINUOUSLY VIA MANY RIVERS, HOWEVER, WE HAVE RAIN-FALLS OCCASIONALLY AND DISCONTINUOUSLY.
RAIN WATER IS MUCH LESS THAN RIVER WATER, WHICH IS MUCH MORE AND WHICH RUNS INTO THE SEA CONTINUALLY AND MAINTAINS OR GRADUALLY INCREASES THE SEA LEVEL.
SEA LEVEL WATER DOES NOT INCREASE BY THE
MELTING OF ICEBERGS. FOR EACH ICEBERG OCCUPIES THE SAME QUANTITY OF VOLUME OF
SEA WATER, WHICH IS EQUAL TO THE MASS OF THE ICEBERG. SO THE MELTING OF AN
ICEBERG FILLS THE SAME GAP OF DISPOSED WATER !
QUESTION WHY THEN THE ICEBERG MADE OF WATER PARTIALLY COMES OUT OF THE WATER?
ANSWER: BECAUSE WATER IN THE FORM OF ICE IS DILATED MORE IN VOLUME THAN THE
CORRESPONDING WATER! THIS EXPLAINS ALSO WHY ICE FLOATS IN THE WATER. TOTAL
VOLUME OF ICE IS BIGGER THAN THE CORRESPONDING WATER, HAVING THE SAME MASS.
SO, MELTING OF FLOATING ICEBERGS, THEREFORE, DOES NOT CHANGE THE VOLUME WHICH THE SEA OCCUPIES AT ALL! SEA LEVEL DOES NOT INCREASE OR DECREASE BY ICE MELTING. DO NOT LISTEN TO THOSE GEOLOGISTS THAT THREATEN YOU. THEY ARE STUPID AND MATHEMATICALLY MORE IGNORANT THAN THE WORST STUDENT IN MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS.
8. APPARENTLY WATER IS THE MOST DOMINATED
PRODUCED ELEMENT ON THE PLANET EARTH WHICH IS A PLANET ALREADY DOMINATED BY
WATER. INDEED, IN GREEK PLANET EARTH IS CALLED HYDRO-GLOBE. WATER FROM THE EARTH
IS CONSTANTLY VAPORIZED. IT GOES IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE WHERE IT BREAKS
INTO O2 AND H2. HYDROGEN GOES HIGHER AS LIGHTER AND
FINALLY ESCAPES INTO SPACE. OXYGEN REMAINS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE INCREASING ITS
OXYGEN CONTENT WHICH IS CONSTANTLY BURNED-CONSUMED ON THE SURFACE. HOWEVER REMAINS
OVERALL CONSTANT EVEN TILL TODAY 21%.
THEREFORE, WITH CONSTANT LOSS OF HYDROGEN-COUNTER PART OF WATER, WATER IS
CONSTANTLY LOST. FINALLY, THE BALANCE OF PRODUCTION OF WATER OR ITS LOSS DECIDES
WHETHER PLANET EARTH IS MAINTAINED AS A HYDRO-GLOBE OR NOT.
MARS ONCE SEEMED TO BE A HYDRO-GLOBE.
ITS LOSS
OF WATER, SIMILAR TO THE EARTH LOSS OF WATER, ON THE CONTRARY, SEEMED TO HAVE
DOMINATED, AND MARS IS NOT A HYDRO-GLOBE ANY MORE, HAVING LOST EVEN THE
ABILITY TO PRODUCE AS MUCH WATER, BECAUSE SUBSTANTIAL QUANTITIES OF WATER ARE
NOT PRESENT AS THEY WERE BEFORE.
IF WE ASSUME WATER ON EARTH HAS REACHED THE EARTH FROM THE BIG BANG, THEN DURING THE BIG BANG EXPLOSION THIS WAS IN VAPOUR FORM OR GAS. UNDER THE CONDITION OF A GAS WOULD HAVE EXPAND IMMEDIATELY ALL AROUND BIG BANG. IF THIS GAS HAS REACHED THE EARTH AND CONDENSATED ON ITS SURFACE TO FORM ITS OCEANS, THEN THIS WOULD HAVE HAPPENED FOR ALL THE COLD ENOUGH PLANETS BETWEEN EARTH AND BIG BANG! THEN ALL THE INTERMEDIATE SPACE BETWEEN EARTH AND BIG BANG WOULD HAVE BEEN FULL OF VAPOUR. THE SAME SHOULD HOLD TRUE FOR THE OTHER GASES N2 FOR EXAMPLE. ALL THE INTERMEDIATE SPACE WOULD HAVE BEEN FULL OF THESE GASES. WE KNOW THIS IS NOT TRUE AND MOST OF THE INTERMEDIATE SPACE IS EMPTY. SO THE GASES AND THE WATER ON EARTH HAVE NOT COME FROM BIG BANG AS CONFORMIST SCIENCE IS ASSUMING
THE ONLY SOURCE OF THESE GASES IS ONLY EARTH. THESE HAVE BEEN GENERATED ON EARTH!
9. CONTINENTS INCREASING DISTANCE FROM ONE ANOTHER, AND THEIR SHAPE ON TOP MATCHES ALSO ONE ANOTHER
THIS SUGGESTS THAT POINTS ON EARTH SURFACE GO APART. THIS IS SYNONYMOUS THAT EARTH IS EXPANDING
PROFESSOR
PANOS T. PAPPAS
CITATIONS FROM THE LITERATURE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanding_earth
Expanding Earth/Growing Earth is a hypothesis asserting that the position and relative movement of continents is due to the volume of the Earth increasing.
While suggested historically, since the recognition of plate tectonics in the 1970s, the scientific consensus has rejected any expansion of the Earth. Measurements suggest that, on very long timescales, the Earth is slowly shrinking, due to thermal contraction.
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There are various forms of the expanding earth hypothesis, including some proposals which say that the Earth's mass has remained constant (and thus the gravitational pull at the surface has decreased over time), that Earth's mass has grown with the volume in such a way that the surface gravity has remained constant, or that the earth's gravity at its surface has increased over time, in line with its growing mass and volume. Many of the remaining expanding Earth adherents have been inspired by the ideas of the late Australian geologist S. Warren Carey, who suggested expansion in the 1950s and 60s - prior to the development of tectonics.
During the second voyage of HMS Beagle, in 1834–1835 Charles Darwin theorised that an expanding earth could explain the elevation of the landmass of South America as shown by mountain building in the Andes and stepped plains featuring raised beaches in Patagonia. Later in 1835 he abandoned this idea, and proposed that as mountains rose, the ocean floor subsided.[1]
In 1889 and 1909 Roberto Mantovani published a hypothesis of earth expansion and continental drift. He assumed that a closed continent covered the entire surface of a smaller earth. Thermal expansion led to volcanic activity, which broke the land mass into smaller continents. These continents drifted away from each other because of further expansion at the rip-zones, where oceans currently lie.[2][3] Although Alfred Wegener noticed some similarities to his own hypothesis of continental drift, he did not mention earth expansion as the cause of drift in Mantovani's hypothesis.[4]
A compromise between earth-expansion and earth-contraction is the "theory of thermal cycles" by Irish physicist John Joly. He assumed that heat flow from radioactive decay inside the Earth surpasses the cooling of the Earth's exterior. Together with British geologist Arthur Holmes, Joly proposed a hypothesis in which the Earth loses its heat by cyclic periods of expansion. In their hypothesis, expansion led to cracks and joints in the Earth's interior, that could fill with magma. This was followed by a cooling phase, where the magma would freeze and become solid rock again, causing the Earth to shrink.[5]
In 1888 Ivan Osipovich Yarkovsky suggested that some sort of aether is absorbed within the earth and transformed into new chemical elements, forcing the celestial bodies to expand. This was connected with his mechanical explanation of gravitation.[6] Also the theses of Ott Christoph Hilgenberg (1933, 1974)[7][8] and Nikola Tesla[9] were based on absorption and transformation of aether-energy into normal matter.
S. Warren Carey, starting in 1956, proposed some sort of mass increase in the planets and said that a final solution to the problem is only possible in a cosmological perspective in connection with the expansion of the universe.
Paul Dirac suggested in 1938 that the universal gravitational constant had decreased in the billions of years of its existence. This led German physicist Pascual Jordan to a modification of general relativity and to propose in 1964 that all planets slowly expand. Contrary to most of the other explanations this one was at least within the framework of physics considered as a viable hypothesis. [10]
Measurements of a possible variation of the gravitational constant showed an upper limit for a relative change of 5•10−12, excluding Jordan's idea.[11]
Modern Hydridic Earth Theory[12] of Dr. Larin suggests that earth expansion and continental drift is due to well known effect of volume increase of metal hydrides of inner space of Earth when hydrogen evaporates away.
There is no evidence supporting expansion of the Earth: measurements with modern high-precision geodetic techniques show that the Earth is not currently increasing in size, and there is no source of energy to power expansion. This is in contrast to plate tectonics, which is supported by a large range of geological and geophysical measurements, including direct measurements of plate motions by geodesy and of subduction at plate boundaries.[13][14][15]
Mass accretion on a scale required to change the Earth's radius is contradicted by the current accretion rate of the Earth, and by the Earth's average internal temperature: any accretion releases a lot of energy, which would warm the planet's interior. Expanding Earth models based on thermal expansion contradict most modern principles from rheology, and fail to provide an acceptable explanation for the proposed melting and phase transitions.
Paleomagnetic data has been used to calculate that the radius of the Earth 400 million years ago was 102 ± 2.8% of today's radius.[16] Furthermore, examinations of earth's moment of inertia suggest that there has been no significant change of earth's radius in the last 620 million years.[17]
One prominent present day advocate of an expanding Earth is comics artist Neal Adams, who calls his ideas "Growing Earth Theory". Adams has made video animations that graphically illustrate his hypothesis, in which new mass is created by a hypothesized electron/positron pair production process within the core of the Earth.[18][19]
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Warren_Carey
Samuel Warren Carey | |
---|---|
|
|
Born |
November 1, 1911 Campbelltown, New South Wales |
Died |
March 20, 2002 Hobart |
Nationality | Australian |
Institutions | University of Tasmania (1946-1976) |
Alma mater | University of Sydney |
Samuel Warren Carey AO (born November 1, 1911 in Campbelltown; died March 20, 2002 in Hobart) was an Australian geologist who was an early advocate of the theory of continental drift. His work on plate tectonics reconstructions led him to develop the Expanding Earth hypothesis.
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Carey was born in New South Wales and grew up on a farm three miles from Campbelltown. The family was to move to the town centre, saving the young Carey the walk to school. An interest in physics and chemistry during high school was to lead to selection of both subjects when he attended the University of Sydney in 1929. Mathematics was required and he was encouraged to study Geology as his fourth subject, a department still under the influence of retired Professor Edgeworth David.[1] He started a student Geology club as he became attracted to the subject's mixture of laboratory and field work; David gave the inaugural speech. Along with classmates Alan Voisey and Dorothy York, he was to earn high distinctions at the University. He also joined the Sydney University Regiment. His Masters and Honours degree were based on four papers on the Werris Creek area. He received his MSc in 1934. It was at this time that Carey read the 1924 translation of Wegener's The Origin of Continents and Oceans, the book largely responsible for introducing the concept of continental drift to English-speaking academics. He was to become a key figure in advancing this concept and plate tectonic models that followed.
Carey served in World War II as a Lieutenant in the special forces unit Z Force, developing a bold plan using small teams to mine ships in an enemy harbour. This operation (Scorpion) became obsolete but Carey secretly tested his plan by infiltrating Townsville harbour, placing dummy limpet mines on American ships.
After the war, Carey was a highly regarded contributor to geology and his many contributions to the emerging theories and proposals were often in advance of the accepted view. Maps and data produced from his field work in New Guinea were sought after by engineers and fellows. He backed the moving of continents proposed by Alfred Wegener and had decided on the mechanism for this when it became the accepted view. Carey's expanding earth bears many resemblances to the current model, including supercontinents dividing and going adrift, zones of new crust being generated in deep oceanic ridges, and other phenomenae of a still active crust. His theory gave the 'mechanism' for this as an expanding earth; whereas the new theory of plate tectonics accounted for it with subduction.
Despite the eventual acceptance of the plate expansion and subduction paradigm over Carey's theory, he is widely regarded as making substantial contributions to the field of tectonics and considerable influence in the initial acceptance of continental drift over a static model. In 1946, he became the founding professor of geology at the University of Tasmania. He retired from this position 30 years later in 1976.
In the Australia Day Honours list of 1977, Carey was awarded the Officer of the Order of Australia for his services to the field of geology.[2]
He, and a small number of other researchers, continued to support and investigate expanding earth models.
Carey developed his expanding earth model independently of the prior work by Ott Christoph Hilgenberg, who proposed a similar model in his 1933 publication "Vom wachsenden Erdball" ("The Expanding Earth"). Carey only learned of Hilgenberg's work in 1956.