ΠΑΠΙΜΙ
Invited paper to
Int'l Symposium on New Energy, Denver April 16-18, 1993, sponsored by Int'l Association
for New Science, Fort Collins CO 80524
ΠΑΠΙΜΙ
Invited paper to
Int'l Symposium on New Energy, Denver April 16-18, 1993, sponsored by Int'l Association
for New Science, Fort Collins CO 80524 |
KEY WORDS: CANCER THERAPY -
CARCINOGENESIS - MAGNETIC THERAPY - ONCOGENESIS - CELL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL - PAPPAS PULSED
MAGNETIC FIELDS - CELL MITOSIS - ELECTROMAGNETIC THERAPY - CELL ENERGY by
Abstract It has been discovered that the effects on tumor cells of a novel method of producing extremely sharp pulses of very high-intensity magnetic field oscillations that has consistently proven more efficacious in tumor cell destruction than similar therapeutic modalities using lower power density. It appears that this observed phenomenon results from inducing an increase in characteristically low tumor cell membrane potential that inhibits mitosis and consequently causes cell death from aging and/or starvation. The importance of this discovery warrants a systematic clinical study as outlined in Appendix A. Background Albert Szent-Gyorgyi (1960) wrote "The living cell is essentially an electrical device..." in which the membrane with its oscillatory pumping function appears to be the generator, fueled by AMP. Nearly a decade later (1968) he also observed, "Cancer [instead of being regarded as a hostile intruder] might be looked upon also as a cell in trouble, which needs help to return to normal." Viewing the cell membrane as an electrical generator, it is clear that potential it develops is a measure of its efficiency and operating condition. *Professor of Physics and Mathematics, Pireaus Technical University, Athens, Greece The Pappas Magnetic Induction Generator (MIG) developed by Panos T. Pappas (1992) represents the latest generation of advanced electro-therapeutic devices using high-frequency, pulsed, electric, magnetic and/or electromagnetic fields to non-invasively excite biological cells and tissues. The MIG is unique in the manner in which it produces very high energy, short, sharp-edged pulses of UHF magnetic-field oscillations at a flux density orders of magnitude greater than similar devices in current use. In experimenting with resonant circuits containing physical discontinuities over the past ten years (Pappas, 1990a/b) it was found that easily variable, transient, magnetic oscillations produced in the plasma vector of a shock-excited "unclosed" circuit and applied non-invasively to or through body surfaces in localized areas, appeared to have unique effects on tumor cell reproduction and angiogenesis, resulting in their destruction. This appears to hold true whether the origin of the tumor was induced by a virus or a carcinogen. The proliferation of reports in the medical literature over the past half century related to the biological effects of static and especially pulsed fields (electric, magnetic and electromagnetic) appear to present a paradoxical picture in which various of these modalities have been shown to: · kill tumor cells At first glance, it is difficult to rationalize how such stimuli could produce cell death on the one hand, and cell regeneration on the other. However, as energy loss and ATP production, both of which are interactively and proportionally linked to TMP, it seems reasonable to suppose that an increase in TMP would not only restore homeostasis to cells in which a toxin, infection or injury has lowered their energy resources (Cove, 1990), but also provide the necessary stimulus for new-cell differentiation in the process of tissue repair (Becker, 1974). On close consideration of these factors, it becomes apparent that metabolic processes directly related to cell membrane potential (and its effect on the energy resources of the cell) may be the common link between these phenomena. In support of this hypothesis, it has been shown that, properly applied, these various exogenic stimuli are capable of increasing transmembrane potential (TMP) to or toward an optimum value and energy level of a healthy cell. This is considered to be the key factor, and the efficacy of MIG irradiation suggests that it is the extraordinarily high field intensity which accounts for its much higher rate of success when compared with that of similar devices in current use. Discussion Transmembrane potential (TMP) is defined as the electrical
potential between the negative interior of the cell membrane and plasma environment (due
to the presence of negative ions), with respect to the less negative or more positive
potential of the exterior of the cell membrane and its tangential environment due to the
presence of positive ions (Cone, 1985). In the latter case of carcinogenesis caused by surplus nega- tive
charges bound to the exterior of the membrane, a secondary effect may be postulated: since
these charges would form a negative field or sheath around the cell, this would tend to
repel negatively charged erythrocytes and lymphocytes, preventing the immune system from
destroying the tumor cells (Cure, 1992).
Over the past century, various forms of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic stimulation have been used efficaciously to slow, retard, and even completely dissipate tumor growths. The literature reflects that:
Before discussing the efficacy of pulsed magnetic fields in this context, it should be pointed out that all of the above electrotherapeutic modalities are directed at the tumor mass, and their effects on individual interior and exterior tumor cells may vary throughout the mass with uncontrolled variables in the tumor environment. On the other hand, due to uniform penetration characteristics, a rapidly changing (oscillating) magnetic field should have an equal effect on every cell within the tumor mass. What is that effect? It is axiomatic that a moving magnetic field will induce a current in a conductive medium. The conductive medium in this context is the tumor cell, and particularly the polarized cell membrane through which ion exchange is constantly occurring. The stimulus of an oscillating magnetic field will cause current to flow in alternating directions through the conductive cell membrane and interstitial fluids, thus generating an exogenically induced alternating potential across the membrane. A single magnetic oscillation cycle, with equal bidirectional current flow, would cause no net change in TMP. However, the cell membrane presents a non-linear impedance to current flow, and there is a finite time constant involved in the opening and closing of ion gates; thus when rapid magnetic field oscillations occur at a sufficiently high frequency, the potential or charge across the membrane induced by the outward-flowing current does not have time to leak off before the next cycle begins. This results in the cumulative rectification of small increments of negative potential on the interior surface of the membrane, and a net increase in TMP. By driving the TMP well above the critical point where mitosis is
triggered, the reproduction of a tumor cell is inhibited; this phenomenon is well
supported by clinical and in vitro observations. It is further postulated that in
driving the outer surface of the membrane more positive, the tumor cell becomes more
accessible to immunological defense mechanisms (Cure, 1992). In addition to its ability to inhibit cancer cell reproduction as described above, in a statistically significant number of clinical cases over the past year, MIG irradiation has also been shown to destroy infectious microorganisms in vivo (Wallach, 1993). This phenomenon becomes even more significant in view of the fact that cancer growth may be triggered either by a carcinogens (chemical or ionizing radiation) (Adams, 1986) or by a virus. In 1966 Payton Rous was awarded the Nobel prize for his 1911 discovery of the carcinogenic Rous virus. Subsequently, the Rous "virus" was found to be a pleomorphic form of bacterium producing both DNA and RNA by Mattman (1974), Livingston (1984) and others who demonstrated that infectious bacteria not only contained parasitic viruses, but were capable of metamorphosing into viral forms with changes in electrical and/or culture environment. A new hypothesis: Energy deficiency and cancer Cancer is a general phenomenon found in the entire spectrum of living organisms, and its derivatives have been found even in viruses. The fact that carcinogenesis relates to particular energy changes in the cell suggests that an energy resource deficiency may be the central carcinogenic mechanism. This hypothesis offers a new explanation, and suggests methods for the prevention and cure of cancer based on the direct application of high amplitude, plasma-generated pulses of UHF oscillations to cancer cells, and is supported by clinical observations of satisfactory results obtained from this application. References to the relationship of cell energy level and cancer are found throughout the literature; however, it is believed that this may be the first definition and characterization of cancer cells as cells with low internal energy. We base this on the development of a device that, in supplying electrical energy at a cellular level, has been seen to diminish and even to calcify cancer tumors of nearly all types. When a cell becomes cancerous, the following facts relating to the internal energy of the cell are observed (Yunis, 1983), (Sheer, 1986), (Dimdi, 1985), (Papaspyrou, 1991): a) The number of mitochondria is diminished, thus reducing the 1) Na+ has a large tendency for hydration; one Na+ ion
can bind at least one H2O molecule, and water displaces internal
thermal energy to the outside (Sturmer, 1991). Although all four of these phenomena may be interrelated (Szent-Gyorgyi, 1976), they have in common the effect of reducing the internal energy resources of the cancer cell. In case d(2) above, this is more evident because, according to Goldman's equation (Moore, 1972), high internal Na+ concentration causes a drop in transmembrane potential from a normal healthy cell potential on the order of -50 to -70 mv to a typical cancer cell potential on the order of -15mf (Cone, 1974, 1985). A cell with such low transmembrane potential might be compared to
a dying battery; according to the Goldman formula (Moore, 1972) the energy level of such a
typical cancer cell is less than 5% of that of a normal, healthy cell and thus clearly
fits the characterization of the energy resource deficiency hypothesis. It is convincingly evident from clinical trials that Pappas Magnetic Induction Generator (MIG) has significantly important therapeutic applications in:
There remains to test our basic hypothesis of tumor cell destruction and to further investigate the precise mechanisms through which these phenomena are mediated, as outlined in the Research Proposal in Appendix A.
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Its
synergistic effect when combined with antitumor chemotherapy as reported by Sersa
(1992), (Omote, 1988), (Nordenstrom, 1990).