THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAGE IS TO MAKE CLEAR THAT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REFERS TO PLASMAS IN SOLIDS,
IN SEMICONDUCTORS, IN THYRISTORS, IN DIODES, ETC

HOWEVER. THERE IS NO ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLASMAS IN THE 3 STATES SOLIDS, GASES AND LIQUIDS.

AS A MATTER OF FACT, PLASMA ITSELF IS CONSINDERED  AS THE FOURTH STATE OF MATTER

PLASMA IS NOT A GAS, IT IS NOT A LIQUID, IT IS NOT A SOLID, PLASMA IS A STATE OF IT'S OWN

THE ASSUMED STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS LIQUIDS AND GASES ARE DISTINCTIONS BASED ON THE MECHANICAL FORCES BETWEEN THE MOLECULES OF A MATERIAL, HAVING NOTHING TO DO WITH THEIR CORRESPONDING PLASMAS OSCILLATIONS AND THEIR RESULTING RADIATIONS

ON THE OTHER HAND, THE DISTINCTION IN THREE STATES SUCH AS
 GAS, SOLID AND LIQUID IS TODAY AMBIGUOUS, AS WE CAN REALIZE THERE ARE MUCH MORE AMBIGUOUS STATES AS:

CREAMY STATES, PLASTIC STATES, ELASTIC STATES, SEMI-LIQUID-SEMI GASEOUS STATES SUCH AS THE SELF-CONSTRAINED CLOUDS WHICH BEHAVE NEITHER AS GASES NEITHER AS LIQUIDS WITH RESISTANCE IN CHANGING VOLUME AND SHAPE

RADIO, INFRARED AND LIGHT RADIATIONS DO NOT OCCUR IN CONDUCTORS WHICH DO NOT NEED EXCITATION TO CONDUCT. THESE RADIATIONS OCCUR ONLY IN INSULATORS (GASES FOR EXAMPLE) AND IN SEMICONDUCTORS-SEMIINSULATORS (SOLID STATE ELEMENTS FOR EXAMPLE),  WHEN THESE ELEMENTS ARE FIRST EXCITED (ENERGIZED) TO CONDUCT AN ELECTRICAL  CURRENT AND SUBSEQUENTLY ARE LEFT TO RELAX BY PAUSING THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT THROUGH THEM (OR THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT IS PAUSED IN ANY WAY). THE EXCITED SEMICONDUCTORS, INSULATORS ARE THEN DE-EXCITED (OR DE-ENERGIZED) BY EMITTING VARIOUS ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATIONS

THESE ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATIONS ARE CALLED BY US EIGEN-FREQUENCIES AND ARE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DE-EXCITED ELEMENT

THEY ARE ALWAYS RECORDED IN AN OSCILLOSCOPE CORRELATING PRECISELY WITH A DECREASING or PAUSING ELECTRICAL CURRENT THROUGH THEM (when oscilloscope can follow the corresponding changes, that is, it is fast enough or changes are slow enough, usually bellow the several GigaHerz Range)

Also you may FIND THE ACTUAL  CONTENT OF A PLASMA THE "Electron Holes"  IS CALLED A GAS - the "Electron Hole Gas",

see the end of this webpage.

========================================================================================================

Plasma, the fourth state of matter CLICKHERE http://www.ornl.gov/sci/fed/Theory/tt/ttmcp/plasma.htm

========================================================================================================

PLASMA: The Fourth State of Matter CLICKHERE

An introduction to Plasma Science

by Shalom Eliezer (Author), and  Y Eliezer  (Author)

http://www.amazon.com/Fourth-State-Matter-Shalom-Eliezer/dp/0750307404/ref=sr_1_2/103-0409998-4959831?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1209038686&sr=1-2

====================================================================================================

The Fourth State of Matter

Plasma Dynamics & Tomorrows Technology

by Ben Bova

========================================================================================================

"Solid state plasmas" are common today :

Plasma Screen for Television CLICK HERE for Google Image search April 23, 2008

- that is a Television EQUIPPED WITH with a plasma screen, or a Plasma Display Screen for a computer -They contain no gas inside them ......
For a Plasma TV Google Image search April 23, 2008 CLICK HERE 

and for a "Plasma computer screen" Google Image search April 23, 2008 CLICKHERE

HD Plasma TVs are very popular today. 60" TVs like the one pictured below can be quite heavy when you need to move them around though. Check the rates for professional moving companies such as www.upack.com when you need to move your plasma TV, especially if there is no one to help you lift it up. Contacting moving companies in advance will make your moving experience much easier and will assure the protection of your plasma TV and any other heavy possessions.

There are other electronic SOLID STATE components producing electromagnetic waves via a "plasma oscillation" mechanism like for example

The TRAPATT diode.

The TRAPATT diode is a SOLID STATE semiconductor producing oscillations in the radiowave  part of the spectrum : Read an extract from US patent 6667514 :

......... The present invention relates to a semiconductor component with a change compensation structure and associated fabrication methods and, in particular, to a compensation component which has improved properties for interacting parameters, such as the breakdown voltage, the on resistance, and the robustness with respect to TRAPATT oscillations (Trapped Plasma Avalanche Triggered Transit).........

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6667514.html  CLICKHERE

The name of this SOLID STATE  semiconductor component : "TRAPATT"  - "Trapped Plasma Avalanche Triggered Transit" and the  above application prove two things :

1. There is a Trapped Plasma  - a solid state plasma -  inside this solid state semiconductor component.

2. This TRAPATT semiconductor diode produces oscillations, that is solid state plasma oscillations.

See also : Information on the TRAPATT-Diode from the German Wikipedia :

The GUNN diode :

Another solid state device producing radio wave oscillations via a solid state plasma oscillation mechanism - in the microwave part of the spectrum  - is the Gunn diode :  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunn_diode

Gunn diode oscillator component connected to a microwave horn.

************************************************************************************************

The 7th International Conference on the effects of Plasmas in Solids took place in Paris, in the year 1964.

                                                                                   click to enlarge  

************************************************************************************************

THYRISTORS CONSISTS OF TWO OPPOSITE DIODES, SO WHAT DO YOU EXPECT ?

NATURALLY A PLASMA -WHEN EXCITED !

PUBLICATIONS IN SCIENTIFIC PEAR REVIEW JOURNALS AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS

SEE BELOW

click to enlarge      

  click to enlarge

************************************************************************************************

click to enlarge

click to enlarge

click to enlarge

Title : Experimental observation of the lateral plasma propagation in a thyristor. IEEE Proceedings  February 1975 pg. 65 to 68

======================================================================================================

 click to enlarge

************************************************************************************************

************************************************************************************************

SILICON AND GERMANIUM - USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLID STATE COMPONENTS - ARE IMPORTANT ELEMENTS IN THE HUMAN BODY

ELECTRONS AND HOLES INSIDE ANY

 SEMICONDUCTOR CONSTITUTE

THE "ELECTRON - HOLE GAS"  :

click here  to search Google for the term "electron hole gas"

The results of the search "electron hole gas" performed in April 23, 2008 are pasted below :