Magnetic Brain Boost Lack of sleep often comes at times when
we need to perform at our best. Now brain researchers studying how sleep
deprivation impairs memory have found a potential remedy.
A new device which sends electrical impulses to the brain may
alleviate the painful symptoms of a migraine headache. CBS News medical
correspondent Dr. Jon LaPook reports.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator Creates Intense Current
A new device that supposedly can zap away migraine pain
electronically may be able to help people who regularly get
the debilitating headaches. Reseachers from the Ohio State
University said the device is safe and effective. The device
is called a transcranial magnetic stimulator. It is used
during the early "aura" phase of a migraine, when sufferers
say they can see shooting stars, lines or flashing lights in
their vision. Some also lose vision. "Stimulation with
magnetic pulses from the portable TMS device proved
effective for the migraine patients," said Dr. Yousef
Mohammad . "Because of the lack of adverse events in this
trial and the established safety of the TMS device, this is
a promising treatment for migraines with aura. This sets the
stage for future studies...
[read full story]
Migraines can be excruciating and debilitating and most people turn to
medications to stop the suffering in my Healthy Living report tonight, a
new, drug free method now being tested by doctors.Migraines can be
excruciating and debilitating and most people turn to medications
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
clinical trial using a low-frequency magnetic field in the treatment of
musculoskeletal chronic pain.
Thomas AW, Graham K, Prato FS, McKay J,
Forster PM, Moulin DE, Chari S.
Bioelectromagnetics, Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute,
Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and
Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. athomas@lawsonimaging.ca
Exposure to a specific pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has been
shown to produce analgesic (antinociceptive) effects in many organisms.
In a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial, patients
with either chronic generalized pain from fibromyalgia (FM) or chronic
localized musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain were exposed to a PEMF
(400 microT) through a portable device fitted to their head during
twice-daily 40 min treatments over seven days. The effect of this PEMF
on pain reduction was recorded using a visual analogue scale. A
differential effect of PEMF over sham treatment was noticed in patients
with FM, which approached statistical significance (P=0.06) despite low
numbers (n=17); this effect was not evident in those without FM (P=0.93;
n=15). PEMF may be a novel, safe and effective therapeutic tool for use
in at least certain subsets of patients with chronic, nonmalignant pain.
Clearly, however, a larger randomized, double-blind clinical trial with
just FM patients is warranted.
Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on patients'
recovery after arthroscopic surgery: prospective, randomized and
double-blind study.
Zorzi C, Dall'Oca C, Cadossi R, Setti S.
"Sacro Cuore Don Calabria" Hospital, Via don A. Sempreboni 5, 37024
Negrar (Vr), Italy.
Severe joint inflammation following trauma, arthroscopic surgery or
infection can damage articular cartilage, thus every effort should be
made to protect cartilage from the catabolic effects of pro-inflammatory
cytokines and stimulate cartilage anabolic activities. Previous
pre-clinical studies have shown that pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs)
can protect articular cartilage from the catabolic effects of
pro-inflammatory cytokines, and prevent its degeneration, finally
resulting in chondroprotection. These findings provide the rational to
support the study of the effect of PEMFs in humans after arthroscopic
surgery. The purpose of this pilot, randomized, prospective and
double-blind study was to evaluate the effects of PEMFs in patients
undergoing arthroscopic treatment of knee cartilage. Patients with knee
pain were recruited and treated by arthroscopy with chondroabrasion
and/or perforations and/or radiofrequencies. They were randomized into
two groups: a control group (magnetic field at 0.05 mT) and an active
group (magnetic field of 1.5 mT). All patients were instructed to use
PEMFs for 90 days, 6 h per day. The patients were evaluated by the Knee
injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) test before arthroscopy,
and after 45 and 90 days. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs) to control pain was also recorded. Patients were
interviewed for the long-term outcome 3 years after arthroscopic
surgery. Thirty-one patients completed the treatment. KOOS values at 45
and 90 days were higher in the active group and the difference was
significant at 90 days (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients who used
NSAIDs was 26% in the active group and 75% in the control group (P =
0.015). At 3 years follow-up, the number of patients who completely
recovered was higher in the active group compared to the control group
(P < 0.05). Treatment with I-ONE aided patient recovery after
arthroscopic surgery, reduced the use of NSAIDs, and also had a positive
long-term effect.
Publication Types:
Randomized Controlled Trial
Pain Res Manag. 2006 Summer;11(2):85-90.
Exposure to a specific pulsed low-frequency magnetic
field: a double-blind placebo-controlled study of effects on pain
ratings in rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia patients.
Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London,
Ontario N6A 4V2.
BACKGROUND: Specific pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been
shown to induce analgesia (antinociception) in snails, rodents and
healthy human volunteers. OBJECTIVE: The effect of specific PEMF
exposure on pain and anxiety ratings was investigated in two patient
populations. DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled
parallel design was used. METHOD: The present study investigated the
effects of an acute 30 min magnetic field exposure (less than or equal
to 400 microTpk; less than 3 kHz) on pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire [MPQ],
visual analogue scale [VAS]) and anxiety (VAS) ratings in female
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n=13; mean age 52 years) and fibromyalgia
(FM) patients (n=18; mean age 51 years) who received either the PEMF or
sham exposure treatment. RESULTS: A repeated measures analysis revealed
a significant pre-post-testing by condition interaction for the MPQ Pain
Rating Index total for the RA patients, F(1,11)=5.09, P<0.05, estimate
of effect size = 0.32, power = 0.54. A significant pre-post-effect for
the same variable was present for the FM patients, F(1,15)=16.2, P<0.01,
estimate of effect size = 0.52, power =0.96. Similar findings were found
for MPQ subcomponents and the VAS (pain). There was no significant
reduction in VAS anxiety ratings pre- to post-exposure for either the RA
or FM patients. CONCLUSION: These findings provide some initial support
for the use of PEMF exposure in reducing pain in chronic pain
populations and warrants continued investigation into the use of PEMF
exposure for short-term pain relief.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
J
Int Med Res. 2006 Mar-Apr;34(2):160-7.
Efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic
therapy for chronic lower back pain: a randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled study.
Lee PB, Kim YC, Lim YJ, Lee CJ, Choi SS,
Park SH, Lee JG, Lee SC.
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National
University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial studied
the effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic therapy (PEMT) in patients
with chronic lower back pain. Active PEMT (n = 17) or placebo treatment
(n = 19) was performed three times a week for 3 weeks. Patients were
assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS) and revised Oswestry
disability scores for 4 weeks after therapy. PEMT produced significant
pain reduction throughout the observation period compared with baseline
values. The percentage change in the NRS score from baseline was
significantly greater in the PEMT group than the placebo group at all
three time-points measured. The mean revised Oswestry disability
percentage after 4 weeks was significantly improved from the baseline
value in the PEMT group, whereas there were no significant differences
in the placebo group. In conclusion, PEMT reduced pain and disability
and appears to be a potentially useful therapeutic tool for the
conservative management of chronic lower back pain.
Publication Types:
Randomized Controlled Trial
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005 Jul;13(7):575-81.
Treatment of knee osteoarthritis
with pulsed electromagnetic fields: a randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled study.
Thamsborg G, Florescu A, Oturai P, Fallentin E,
Tritsaris K, Dissing S.
Department of Geriatri and Rheumatology, Glostrup Hospital, 2600
Glostrup, Denmark.
OBJECTIVE: The investigation aimed at determining the effectiveness of
pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) in the treatment of osteoarthritis
(OA) of the knee by conducting a randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled clinical trial. DESIGN: The trial consisted of 2h
daily treatment 5 days per week for 6 weeks in 83 patients with knee OA.
Patient evaluations were done at baseline and after 2 and 6 weeks of
treatment. A follow-up evaluation was done 6 weeks after treatment.
Activities of daily living (ADL), pain and stiffness were evaluated
using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC)
questionnaire. RESULTS: Within group analysis revealed a significant
improvement in ADL, stiffness and pain in the PEMF-treated group at all
evaluations. In the control group there was no effect on ADL after 2
weeks and a weak significance was seen after 6 and 12 weeks. Significant
effects were seen on pain at all evaluations and on stiffness after 6
and 12 weeks. Between group analysis did not reveal significant
improvements over time. Analysis of ADL score for the PEMF-treated group
revealed a significant correlation between less improvement and
increasing age. Analysis of patients <65 years using between group
analysis revealed a significant improvement for stiffness on treated
knee after 2 weeks, but this effect was not observed for ADL and pain.
CONCLUSIONS: Applying between group analysis we were unable to
demonstrate a beneficial symptomatic effect of PEMF in the treatment of
knee OA in all patients. However, in patients <65 years of age there is
significant and beneficial effect of treatment related to stiffness.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Pain Med. 2008
Jul-Aug;9(5):493-504.
A randomized controlled trial of the
effects of a combination of static and dynamic magnetic fields on carpal
tunnel syndrome.
Weintraub MI, Cole SP.
Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
miwneuro@pol.net
OBJECTIVE: To determine if a physics-based combination of simultaneous
static and time-varying dynamic magnetic field stimulation to the wrist 4
hours/day for 2 months can reduce subjective neuropathic pain and influence
objective electrophysiologic parameters of patients with carpal tunnel
syndrome (CTS). METHODS: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled
trial of 36 symptomatic hands. Primary endpoints were visual analog scale
(VAS) and neuropathic pain scale (NPS) scores at baseline and 2 months and a
Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) questionnaire at the end of 2
months. Secondary endpoints were neurologic examination, median nerve distal
latencies (compound muscle action potential [CMAP]/sensory nerve action
potential [SNAP]), dynamometry, pinch gauge readings, and current perception
threshold (CPT) scores. An "active" device was provided gratis at the end of
the study, with 15 subjects voluntarily remaining within the open protocol
an additional 2-10 months and using the preselected primary and secondary
parameters. RESULTS: (two months). Of the 31 hands, 25 (13 magnet, 12 sham)
had moderate to severe pain (VAS > 4). The VAS and PGIC revealed a
nonsignificant pain reduction. NPS analyses (anova) demonstrated a
statistically significant reduction of "deep" pain (35% downward arrow vs
12% upward arrow, P = 0.018), NPS Total Composite (decreases of 42% vs 24%,
P = 0.042), NPS Total Descriptor Score (NPS 8; 43% vs 24%), and NPS 4 (42%
vs 11%). Motor strength, CMAP/SNAP, and CPT scores were not significantly
changed. Of the 15 hands with up to 10 months of active PEMF (pulsed
electromagnetic fields) exposure, there was objective improvement in nerve
conduction (CMAP = 53%, SNAP = 40%, >1 SD), and subjective improvement on
examination (40%), pain scores (50%), and PGIC (70%). No detectable changes
in motor strength and CPT. CONCLUSIONS: PEMF exposure in refractory CTS
provides statistically significant short- and longterm pain reduction and
mild improvement in objective neuronal functions. Neuromodulation appears to
influence nociceptive-C and large A-fiber functions, probably through ion/ligand
binding.
Adv Ther. 2003
Jul-Aug;20(4):220-9.
Essential oils and low-intensity electromagnetic
pulses in the treatment of androgen-dependent alopecia.
Bureau JP, Ginouves P, Guilbaud J, Roux ME.
University of Medicine, Montpellier, France.
This double-blind randomized study vs placebo in healthy male and female
volunteers demonstrates the positive biologic effect on hair loss and
hair regrowth of a pulsed electromagnetic field in combination with
essential oils administered according to a regular treatment schedule of
26 weeks. Mean hair count comparisons within the groups significantly
favor the treatment group, which exhibited a decrease in hair loss in
83% of the volunteers and a more than 20% hair count increase over
baseline in 53% of patients. The process exhibited no side effects or
untoward reactions. The histologic examination correlated with the
clinical study. A parallel immunohistochemical examination showed an
increase in the proliferation index, and when the expression of Ki67 (a
cell proliferation marker) is increased, the mitoses are barely visible
in the histologic examination. The rationale of this phenomenon is
considered to be due to an electrophysiologic effect on the quiescent
hair follicle.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Altern
Ther Health Med. 2003 Jul-Aug;9(4):38-48.
Effects of a pulsed electromagnetic therapy on
multiple sclerosis fatigue and quality of life: a double-blind, placebo
controlled trial.
Lappin MS, Lawrie FW, Richards TL, Kramer ED.
Energy Medicine Developments, (North America), Inc., Burke, Va., USA.
CONTEXT: There is a growing literature on the biological and clinical
effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields. Some studies suggest that
electromagnetic therapies may be useful in the treatment of chronic
illnesses. This study is a follow-up to a placebo controlled pilot study
in which multiple sclerosis (MS) patients exposed to weak, extremely low
frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields showed significant improvements
on a composite symptom measure. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a
pulsed electromagnetic therapy on MS related fatigue, spasticity,
bladder control, and overall quality of life. DESIGN: A multi-site,
double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial. Each subject received
4 weeks of the active and placebo treatments separated by a 2-week
washout period. SETTING: The University of Washington Medical Center in
Seattle Wash, the Neurology Center of Fairfax in Fairfax, Va, and the
headquarters of the Multiple Sclerosis Association of America in Cherry
Hill, NJ. SUBJECTS: 117 patients with clinically definite MS.
INTERVENTION: Daily exposure to a small, portable pulsing
electromagnetic field generator. MAIN OUTCOME: The MS Quality of Life
Inventory (MSQLI) was used to assess changes in fatigue, bladder
control, spasticity, and a quality of life composite. RESULTS: Paired
t-tests were used to assess treatment differences in the 117 subjects
(81% of the initial sample) who completed both treatment sessions.
Improvements in fatigue and overall quality of life were significantly
greater on the active device. There were no treatment effects for
bladder control and a disability composite, and mixed results for
spasticity. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from this randomized, double-bind,
placebo controlled trial is consistent with results from smaller studies
suggesting that exposure to pulsing, weak electromagnetic fields can
alleviate symptoms of MS. The clinical effects were small, however, and
need to be replicated. Additional research is also needed to examine the
possibility that ambulatory patients and patients taking interferons for
their MS may be most responsive to this kind of treatment.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Wien Klin
Wochenschr. 2002 Aug 30;114(15-16):678-84.
Pulsed magnetic field therapy for osteoarthritis of
the knee--a double-blind sham-controlled trial.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, AKH Wien, University
of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Peter.nicolakis@akh-wien.ac.at
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Pulsed magnetic field therapy is frequently used
to treat the symptoms of osteoarthritis, although its efficacy has not
been proven. We conducted a randomized, double-blind comparison of
pulsed magnetic field and sham therapy in patients with symptomatic
osteoarthritis of the knee. Patients were assigned to receive 84
sessions, each with a duration of 30 minutes, of either pulsed magnetic
field or sham treatment. Patients administered the treatment on their
own at home, twice a day for six weeks. RESULTS: According to a sample
size estimation, 36 consecutive patients were enrolled. 34 patients
completed the study, two of whom had to be excluded from the statistical
analysis, as they had not applied the PMF sufficiently. Thus, 15 verum
and 17 sham-treated patients were enrolled in the statistical analysis.
After six weeks of treatment the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index was reduced
in the pulsed magnetic field-group from 84.1 (+/- 45.1) to 49.7 (+/-
31.6), and from 73.7 (+/- 43.3) to 66.9 (+/- 52.9) in the sham-treated
group (p = 0.03). The following secondary parameters improved in the
pulsed magnetic field group more than they did in the sham group: gait
speed at fast walking [+6.0 meters per minute (1.6 to 10.4) vs. -3.2
(-8.5 to 2.2)], stride length at fast walking [+6.9 cm (0.2 to 13.7) vs.
-2.9 (-8.8 to 2.9)], and acceleration time in the isokinetic dynamometry
strength tests [-7.0% (-15.2 to 1.3) vs. 10.1% (-0.3 to 20.6)].
CONCLUSION: In patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee, PMF
treatment can reduce impairment in activities of daily life and improve
knee function.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Evaluation Studies
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Curr Med Res
Opin. 2001;17(3):190-6.
Magnetic pulse treatment for knee osteoarthritis: a
randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Pipitone N, Scott DL.
Rheumatology Department, King's College Hospital (Dulwich), London, UK.
We assessed the efficacy and tolerability of low-frequency pulsed
electromagnetic fields (PEMF) therapy in patients with clinically
symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a randomised,
placebo-controlled, double-blind study of six weeks' duration. Patients
with radiographic evidence and symptoms of OA (incompletely relieved by
conventional treatments), according to the criteria of the American
College of Rheumatology, were recruited from a single tertiary referral
centre. 75 patients fulfilling the above criteria were randomised to
receive active PEMF treatment by unipolar magnetic devices (Medicur)
manufactured by Snowden Healthcare (Nottingham, UK) or placebo. Six
patients failed to attend after the screening and were excluded from
analysis. The primary outcome measure was reduction in overall pain
assessed on a four-point Likert scale ranging from nil to severe.
Secondary outcome measures included the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index (Likert
scale) and the EuroQol (Euro-Quality of Life, EQ-5D). Baseline
assessments showed that the treatment groups were equally matched.
Although there were no significant differences between active and sham
treatment groups in respect of any outcome measure after treatment,
paired analysis of the follow-up observations on each patient showed
significant improvements in the actively treated group in the WOMAC
global score (p = 0.018), WOMAC pain score (p = 0.065), WOMAC disability
score (p = 0.019) and EuroQol score (p = 0.001) at study end compared to
baseline. In contrast, there were no improvements in any variable in the
placebo-treated group. There were no clinically relevant adverse effects
attributable to active treatment. These results suggest that the Medicur
unipolar magnetic devices are beneficial in reducing pain and disability
in patients with knee OA resistant to conventional treatment in the
absence of significant side-effects. Further studies using different
types of magnetic devices, treatment protocols and patient populations
are warranted to confirm the general efficacy of PEMF therapy in OA and
other conditions.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Indian J Lepr.
1997 Jul-Sep;69(3):241-50.
Exposure to pulsed magnetic fields in the treatment
of plantar ulcers in leprosy patients--a pilot, randomized,
double-blind, controlled clinical trial.
Sarma GR, Subrahmanyam S, Deenabandhu A, Babu CR,
Madhivathanan S, Kesavaraj N.
Madras Institute of Magnetobiology.
A pilot, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial to study
the effect of exposure to pulsed magnetic fields (PMF) on the rate of
healing of plantar ulcers in leprosy patients was undertaken. Twenty
patients were randomly allocated to receive standard wound-care
treatment (controls) and 20 others received standard treatment plus
exposure to PMF (sinusoidal form, 0.95 to 1.05 Hz, amplitude +/- 2400
nano Teslas) (study group) for four weeks. Assessment of the outcome of
treatment was based on the volume of ulcers, calculated from the maximal
length, breadth and depth of the ulcer recorded on the day of admission,
at one and two weeks and at the end of treatment. The analysis of the
results was based on 15 control patients and 18 PMF patients after
deletion of four patients due to irregularity in attendance and three
others on account of suspected malignancy of the ulcers. In the control
group, the geometric mean volumes of the ulcers were 2843 and 1478 cu mm
on the day of admission and at the end of the treatment (P = 0.03); the
corresponding values in the PMF group were 2428 and 337 cu mm,
respectively (P < 0.001). A decrease in the volume of 40% or more was
observed in 53% of control patients and 89% of PMF patients (P = 0.02);
a decrease of 80% or more was observed in none of the controls and in
33% of PMF patients. These findings strongly suggest that exposure to
PMF causes a significantly more rapid healing of plantar ulcers in
leprosy patients.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Bone. 1996 Jun;18(6):505-9.
Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone
formation and bone loss during limb lengthening.
Eyres KS, Saleh M, Kanis JA.
WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Disease, University of
Sheffield Medical School, UK.
We examined the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on bone
formation and disuse osteoporosis sustained during limb lengthening in a
double-blind study. Seven males (mean age 13 years, range 11-19 years)
and six females (mean age 12 years, range 9-19 years) were randomly
allocated to receive either an active or an inactive PEMF coil. Limb
lengthening was performed by the Villarubbias technique using either a
unilateral or circular frame system. Sequential bone density
measurements were made using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and
compared to traditional radiographs. Ten segments (eight tibial and two
femoral) in seven patients were lengthened under the influence of active
coils and eight segments (six tibial and two femoral) in six patients
using inactive coils. There was no difference in the rate nor the amount
of new bone formed at the site of distraction between the two groups.
Bone loss in the segments of bone distal to the lengthening sites was
observed in both groups but was significantly more marked using inactive
coils (BMD reduced by 23% +/- SEM 3% and 33% +/- 4% control values after
one and two months, respectively; p < 0.0001) than using active coils (BMD
reduced by 10% +/- 2% at 2 months). These differences were greater at 12
months after surgery (reduced by 54% +/- 5% and 13% +/- 4%,
respectively; p < 0.0001). Stimulation with pulsed electromagnetic
fields has no effect on the regenerate bone, but does prevent bone loss
adjacent to the distraction gap.
The effects of non-thermal pulsed electromagnetic
energy on wound healing of pressure ulcers in spinal cord-injured
patients: a randomized, double-blind study.
Salzberg CA, Cooper-Vastola SA, Perez F,
Viehbeck MG, Byrne DW.
The objective of this randomized, double-blind study was to determine if
non-thermal pulsed electromagnetic energy treatment significantly
increases the healing rate of pressure ulcers in patients with spinal
cord injuries. Subjects included volunteers admitted to a Veteran's
Administration Hospital in New York over a 2 year period and consisted
of 30 male spinal cord-injured patients, 20 with Stage II and 10 with
Stage III pressure ulcers. Subjects were given non-thermal pulsed
high-frequency electromagnetic energy treatment for 30 minutes twice
daily for 12 weeks or until healed. The percentage of pressure ulcers
healed was measured at one week. Of the 20 patients with Stage II
pressure ulcers, the active group had a significantly increased rate of
healing with a greater percentage of the ulcer healed at one week than
the control group. After controlling for the baseline status of the
pressure ulcer, active treatment was independently associated with a
significantly shorter median time to complete healing of the ulcer.
Stage III pressure ulcers healed faster in the treatment group but the
sample size was limited. For spinal cord-injured men with Stage II
pressure ulcers, active non-thermal pulsed electromagnetic energy
treatment significantly improved healing.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
J Rheumatol. 1994
Oct;21(10):1903-11.
The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields in the
treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and cervical spine. Report of
randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trials.
Trock DH, Bollet AJ, Markoll R.
Department of Medicine, Danbury Hospital, CT.
OBJECTIVE. We conducted a randomized, double blind clinical trial to
determine the effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) in
the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and cervical spine.
METHODS. A controlled trial of 18 half-hour active or placebo treatments
was conducted in 86 patients with OA of the knee and 81 patients with OA
of the cervical spine, in which pain was evaluated using a 10 cm visual
analog scale, activities of daily living using a series of questions
(answered by the patient as never, sometimes, most of the time, or
always), pain on passive motion (recorded as none, slight, moderate, or
severe), and joint tenderness (recorded using a modified Ritchie scale).
Global evaluations of improvement were made by the patient and examining
physician. Evaluations were made at baseline, midway, end of treatment,
and one month after completion of treatment. RESULTS. Matched pair t
tests showed extremely significant changes from baseline for the treated
patients in both knee and cervical spine studies at the end of treatment
and the one month followup observations, whereas the changes in the
placebo patients showed lesser degrees of significance at the end of
treatment, and had lost significance for most variables at the one month
followup. Means of the treated group of patients with OA of the knee
showed greater improvement from baseline values than the placebo group
by the end of treatment and at the one month followup observation. Using
the 2-tailed t test, at the end of treatment the differences in the
means of the 2 groups reached statistical significance for pain, pain on
motion, and both the patient overall assessment and the physician global
assessment. The means of the treated patients with OA of the cervical
spine showed greater improvement from baseline than the placebo group
for most variables at the end of treatment and one month followup
observations; these differences reached statistical significance at one
or more observation points for pain, pain on motion, and tenderness.
CONCLUSION. PEMF has therapeutic benefit in painful OA of the knee or
cervical spine.
Electromagnetic stimulation as a treatment of
tinnitus: a pilot study.
Roland NJ, Hughes JB, Daley MB, Cook JA,
Jones AS, McCormick MS.
Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK.
This paper reports the results of a study to determine whether pulsed
electromagnetic stimulation, applied over the mastoid bone, caused an
improvement in the level of tinnitus in long-standing tinnitus
sufferers. Fifty-eight patients from the Liverpool Tinnitus Association
volunteered to take part in a double-blind placebo controlled trial.
Active and placebo devices were randomly allocated to these patients on
their first visit. At the end of one week of treatment, each patient
noted whether their tinnitus had completely disappeared, was improved,
unchanged or made worse by the treatment Forty-five per cent of the
patients who completed the trial were improved by the active device, but
only 9% by placebo (P = 0.0013, Mann-Whitney test). We suggest that
electromagnetic stimulation may be an effective treatment in some
tinnitus sufferers.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
J Rheumatol.
1993 Mar;20(3):456-60.
A double-blind trial of the clinical effects of
pulsed electromagnetic fields in osteoarthritis.
Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), Danbury Hospital, CT 06810.
OBJECTIVE. Further evaluation of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF),
which have been observed to produce numerous biological effects, and
have been used to treat delayed union fractures for over a decade.
METHODS. In a pilot, double-blind randomized trial, 27 patients with
osteoarthritis (OA), primarily of the knee, were treated with PEMF.
Treatment consisted of 18 half-hour periods of exposure over about 1
month in a specially designed noncontact, air-coil device. Observations
were made on 6 clinical variables at baseline, midpoint of therapy, end
of treatment and one month later; 25 patients completed treatment.
RESULTS. An average improvement of 23-61% occurred in the clinical
variables observed with active treatment, while 2 to 18% improvement was
observed in these variables in placebo treated control patients. No
toxicity was observed. CONCLUSION. The decreased pain and improved
functional performance of treated patients suggests that this
configuration of PEMF has potential as an effective method of improving
symptoms in patients with OA. This method warrants further clinical
investigation.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Clin
Orthop Relat Res. 1993 Jan;(286):198-205.
Use of pulsed electromagnetic
fields in treatment of loosened cemented hip prostheses. A double-blind
trial.
Kennedy WF, Roberts CG, Zuege RC, Dicus WT.
Theda Clark Regional Medical Center, Neenah, Wisconsin.
A double-blind trial of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) for
loosened cemented hip prostheses was conducted at two centers. Of the 40
patients who enrolled, 37 met entry criteria and were available for
analysis. All patients completed six months of treatment (either active
or control units). Success was determined clinically by a Harris hip
score greater than or equal to 80 points (or an increase of ten points
if initially greater than or equal to 70 points). Ten of the 19 active
units were successes (53%), whereas two of the 18 controls (11%)
exhibited a placebo effect, a statistically significant and clinically
relevant result. A 60% relapse rate among the active successes was seen
at 14 months poststimulation, and despite maintenance therapy of one
hour per day, the relapse rate increased to 90% at three years. These
data suggest that for loosened cemented hip prostheses, use of PEMFs is
a treatment option only to delay revision hip surgery.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Br J
Dermatol. 1992 Aug;127(2):147-54.
A portable pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) device
to enhance healing of recalcitrant venous ulcers: a double-blind,
placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Stiller MJ, Pak GH, Shupack JL, Thaler S,
Kenny C, Jondreau L.
Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University
Medical Center, New York.
A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre
study assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of pulsed
electromagnetic limb ulcer therapy (PELUT) in the healing of
recalcitrant, predominantly venous leg ulcers. The portable device was
used at home for 3 h daily during this 8-week clinical trial as an
adjunct to a wound dressing. Wound surface area, ulcer depth and pain
intensity were assessed at weeks 0, 4 and 8. At week 8 the active group
had a 47.7% decrease in wound surface area vs. a 42.3% increase for
placebo (P < 0.0002). Investigators' global evaluations indicated that
50% of the ulcers in the active group healed or markedly improved vs. 0%
in the placebo group, and 0% of the active group worsened vs. 54% of the
placebo group (P < 0.001). Significant decreases in wound depth (P <
0.04) and pain intensity (P < 0.04) favouring the active group were
seen. Patients whose ulcers improved significantly after 8 weeks were
permitted to continue double-blind therapy for an additional 4 weeks.
Eleven active and one placebo patient continued therapy until week 12,
with the active treatment group continuing to show improvement. There
were no reports of adverse events attributable to this device. We
conclude that the PELUT device is a safe and effective adjunct to
non-surgical therapy for recalcitrant venous leg ulcers.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
J
Orthop Res. 1992 Mar;10(2):256-62.
The effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on blood
vessel growth in the rabbit ear chamber.
Greenough CG.
Department of Orthopaedics, Middlesbrough General Hospital, Cleveland,
U.K.
A double-blind, controlled trial of the effects of pulsed
electromagnetic fields on capillary growth in the rabbit ear chamber in
adult New Zealand white rabbits has been performed. Three waveforms have
been investigated. The first, a pulse burst waveform, produced a
significant increase in the rate of growth of the vascular tissue within
the chamber, but had no effect on macroscopic tissue maturation. The
second and third, two different single pulse waveforms, had, in
contrast, no significant effect on the rate of vascular growth and only
an effect on vessel characteristics, with increased maturation of
vessels using the second waveform. It is concluded that some of the
observed effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on tissue healing may
be mediated through a primary effect on vascular growth.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Scand
J Rehabil Med. 1992;24(1):51-9.
Low energy high frequency pulsed electromagnetic
therapy for acute whiplash injuries. A double blind randomized
controlled study.
Foley-Nolan D, Moore K, Codd M, Barry C,
O'Connor P, Coughlan RJ.
Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
The standard treatment of acute whiplash injuries (soft collar and
analgesia) is frequently unsuccessful. Pulsed electromagnetic therapy
PEMT (as pulsed 27 MHz) has been shown to have pro-healing and
anti-inflammatory effects. This study examines the effect of PEMT on the
acute whiplash syndrome. One half of the 40 patients entering the study
received active PEMT collars: the other half facsimile (placebo). All
patients were given instructions to wear the collar for eight hours a
day at home and advised to mobilise their necks. At 2 and 4 weeks the
actively treated group had significantly improved (p less than 0.05) in
terms of pain (visual analogue scale). By chance movement scores for the
PEMT group were significantly worse at entry to the study than the
control group (p less than 0.05). At 12 weeks they had become
significantly better (p less than 0.05). PEMT as described is safe for
domiciliary use and this study suggests that PEMT has a beneficial
effect in the management of the acute whiplash injury.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Ir Med J.
1991 Jun;84(2):54-5.
Treatment of chronic varicose ulcers with pulsed
electromagnetic fields: a controlled pilot study.
Todd DJ, Heylings DJ, Allen GE, McMillin WP.
Department of Dermatology, Belfast City Hospital.
To evaluate the efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) in
healing of chronic varicose ulcers, 19 patients with this condition were
included in a double-blind controlled clinical trial. All patients
received standard ulcer therapy throughout the duration of the study and
were randomly divided into two groups to receive either active or
inactive PEMF therapy. Active therapy was provided by the use of a pait
of helmholtz coils on a twice weekly basis over a five week period and
inactive therapy was provided on an identical regimen with identical
coils wound so that no magnetic field was produced when an electric
current was passed through them. The clinician and patients were unable
to distinguish the active or inactive coils. No statistically relevant
difference was noted between the two groups in the healing rates of the
ulcer, change in the lower leg girth, pain or infection rates. However
there was a trend in favour of a decrease in ulcer size and lower leg
girth in the group treated with active PEMF. As PEMF is a novel
treatment for chronic varicose ulcers, more work needs to be done to
establish treatment parameters and its usefulness in the treatment of
this condition.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Controlled Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Spine. 1990 Jul;15(7):708-12.
A randomized double-blind prospective study of the
efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic fields for interbody lumbar fusions.
Mooney V.
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine.
A randomized double-blind prospective study of pulsed electromagnetic
fields for lumbar interbody fusions was performed on 195 subjects. There
were 98 subjects in the active group and 97 subjects in the placebo
group. A brace containing equipment to induce an electromagnetic field
was applied to patients undergoing interbody fusion in the active group,
and a sham brace was used in the control group. In the active group
there was a 92% success rate, while the control group had a 65% success
rate (P greater than 0.005). The effectiveness of bone graft stimulation
with the device is thus established.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
J
Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990 May;72(3):347-55.
Comment in:
J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991 Mar;73(2):352-4.
A double-blind trial of pulsed electromagnetic fields
for delayed union of tibial fractures.
Sharrard WJ.
Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, England.
A total of 45 tibial shaft fractures, all conservatively treated and
with union delayed for more than 16 but less than 32 weeks were entered
in a double-blind multi-centre trial. The fractures were selected for
their liability to delayed union by the presence of moderate or severe
displacement, angulation or comminution or a compound lesion with
moderate or severe injury to skin and soft tissues. Treatment was by
plaster immobilisation in all, with active electromagnetic stimulation
units in 20 patients and dummy control units in 25 patients for 12
weeks. Radiographs were assessed blindly and independently by a
radiologist and an orthopaedic surgeon. Statistical analysis showed the
treatment groups to be comparable except in their age distribution, but
age was not found to affect the outcome and the effect of treatment was
consistent for each age group. The radiologist's assessment of the
active group showed radiological union in five fractures, progress to
union in five but no progress to union in 10. In the control group there
was union in one fracture and progress towards union in one but no
progress in 23. Using Fisher's exact test, the results were very
significantly in favour of the active group (p = 0.002). The orthopaedic
surgeon's assessment showed union in nine fractures and absence of union
in 11 fractures in the active group. There was union in three fractures
and absence of union in 22 fractures in the control group. These results
were also significantly in favour of the active group (p = 0.02). It was
concluded that pulsed electromagnetic fields significantly influence
healing in tibial fractures with delayed union.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Controlled Clinical Trial
Orthopedics. 1990
Apr;13(4):445-51.
Pulsed high frequency (27MHz) electromagnetic therapy
for persistent neck pain. A double blind, placebo-controlled study of 20
patients.
Foley-Nolan D, Barry C, Coughlan RJ, O'Connor P,
Roden D.
Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
In the majority of patients with neck pain, symptoms will resolve
spontaneously or quite quickly in response to therapy. However, some
patients' symptoms persist for a long period, irrespective of therapy.
In this study, 20 patients with persistent (greater than 8 weeks) neck
pain were enrolled in a double blind, placebo-controlled trial of low
energy, pulsed electromagnetic therapy (PEMT)--a treatment previously
shown to be effective in soft tissue injuries. For the first 3-week
period, group A (10 patients) received active PEMT units while group B
(10 patients) received facsimile placebo units. After 3 weeks, both pain
(visual analogue scale (P less than .023) and range of movement (P less
than .002) had improved in the group on active treatment compared to the
controls. After the second 3 weeks, during which both groups used active
units, there were significant improvements in observed scores for pain
and range of movement in both groups. PEMT, in the form described, can
be used at home easily in the treatment of patients with neck pain. It
is frequently successful and without side effects.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Br J
Obstet Gynaecol. 1989 Apr;96(4):434-9.
Ultrasound and pulsed electromagnetic energy
treatment for perineal trauma. A randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Grant A, Sleep J, McIntosh J, Ashurst H.
National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford.
Ultrasound and pulsed electromagnetic energy therapies are increasingly
used for perineal trauma sustained during childbirth. The study included
414 women with moderate or severe perineal trauma randomly allocated to
receive active ultrasound, or active pulsed electromagnetic energy, or
corresponding placebo therapies; the allocation was double-blind for
each machine. Overall, more than 90% thought that treatment made their
problem better. There were no clear differences between the groups in
outcome either immediately after treatment, or 10 days or 3 months
postpartum, other than more pain associated with pulsed electromagnetic
energy treatment at 10 days. Bruising looked more extensive after
ultrasound therapy but then seemed to resolve more quickly. Neither
therapy had an effect on perineal oedema or haemorrhoids. The place of
these new therapies in postnatal care should be clarified by further
controlled trials before they become part of routine care.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Clin
Orthop Relat Res. 1988 Dec;(237):256-63.
Electrical stimulation of human femoral
intertrochanteric osteotomies. Double-blind study.
Borsalino G, Bagnacani M, Bettati E, Fornaciari
F, Rocchi R, Uluhogian S, Ceccherelli G,
Cadossi R, Traina GC.
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Montecchio Hospital, Reggio
Emilia, Italy.
Low-frequency pulsing electromagnetic fields (PEMF) are being used in
nonunion healing at several centers around the world. Much debate exists
about quantification of PEMF effects, especially in humans where no
randomized studies have been performed. The results of a double-blind
treatment of 32 consecutive patients treated with femoral
intertrochanteric osteotomy for hip degenerative arthritis are reported.
Roentgenographic evaluation and callus density measurements performed
with an image analyzer showed a statistically significant difference
between controls and stimulated patients (p less than 0.01). In this
extremely homogeneous patient population, PEMF stimulation favored
osteotomy healing.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Controlled Clinical Trial
Lancet. 1984 May 5;1(8384):994-6.
Pulsed magnetic field therapy for tibial non-union.
Interim results of a double-blind trial.
Barker AT, Dixon RA, Sharrard WJ, Sutcliffe ML.
Patients with tibial fractures which had remained un-united for at least
52 weeks were randomly allocated to either active or dummy pulsed
magnetic field stimulators and treated in full leg plasters for 24 weeks
with a non-weightbearing conservative regimen, as is usual with such
techniques. Fractures in 5 of the 9 patients with working machines
united and fractures in 5 of the 7 patients with dummy machines also
united. These early results of this double-blind trial are compatible
with a difference in success rate at 24 weeks on active treatment of +
33% to -61% (95% confidence limits) compared with the success rate on
the dummy stimulators. The high proportion of fractures uniting in the
control group suggests that conservative management of non-union is
effective and this may explain much of the success attributed to pulsed
magnetic field therapy.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Lancet. 1984 Mar 31;1(8379):695-8.
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy of persistent
rotator cuff tendinitis. A double-blind controlled assessment.
Binder A, Parr G, Hazleman B, Fitton-Jackson S.
The value of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) for the treatment of
persistent rotator cuff tendinitis was tested in a double-blind
controlled study in 29 patients whose symptoms were refractory to
steroid injection and other conventional conservative measures. The
treated group (15 patients) had a significant benefit compared with the
control group (14 patients) during the first 4 weeks of the study, when
the control group received a placebo. In the second 4 weeks, when all
patients were on active coils, no significant differences were noted
between the groups. This lack of difference persisted over the third
phase, when neither group received any treatment for 8 weeks. At the end
of the study 19 (65%) of the 29 patients were symptomless and 5 others
much improved. PEMF therapy may thus be useful in the treatment of
severe and persistent rotator cuff and possibly other chronic tendon
lesions.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Plast Reconstr
Surg. 2007 Aug;120(2):425-30.
Pulsed magnetic fields accelerate cutaneous wound
healing in rats.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
bstrauch@montefiore.org
BACKGROUND: Previous studies of pulsed magnetic fields have reported
enhanced fracture and chronic wound healing, endothelial cell growth,
and angiogenesis. This study characterizes the biomechanical changes
that occur when standard cutaneous wounds are exposed to radiofrequency
pulsed magnetic fields with specific dosage parameters, in an attempt to
determine whether return to functional tensile strength could be
accelerated in wound healing. METHODS: There were two study phases and a
total of 100 rats. In phase 1, wounds were exposed to a 1.0-G pulsed
magnetic field signal in clinical use for wound repair for 30 minutes
twice daily for 21 or 60 days. Phase 2 was a prospective,
placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in which rats were treated for 30
minutes twice daily with three different low-amplitude signals (0.02 to
0.05 G), configured assuming a Ca binding transduction pathway, for 21
days. A midline, 8-cm, linear skin incision was made on the rat dorsum.
Tensile strength was determined by measuring the point of rupture of the
wound on a standard tensiometer loaded at 0.45 mm/second. RESULTS: The
mean tensile strength of treated groups in phase 1 was 48 percent (p <
0.001) greater than that of controls at 21 days; there was no
significant difference at 60 days. In phase 2, the treated groups showed
18 percent (not significant), 44 percent, and 59 percent (p < 0.001)
increases in tensile strength over controls at 21 days. CONCLUSION: The
authors successfully demonstrated that exposing wounds to pulsed
magnetic fields of very specific configurations accelerated early wound
healing in this animal model, as evidenced by significantly increased
wound tensile strength at 21 days after wounding.
Magnetic Therapy
Below is a list of our references and abstracts concerning magnetic therapy
____________________________________________
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 1998 Aug;9(3):659-74
Bioelectromagnetic applications for multiple sclerosis.
Richards TL, Lappin MS, Lawrie FW, Stegbauer KC
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle,
USA.
There are EM effects on biology that are potentially both
harmful and beneficial. We have reviewed applications of EM fields that are
relevant to MS. It is possible that EM fields could be developed into a
reproducible therapy for both symptom management and long-term care for MS. The
long-term care for MS would have to include beneficial changes in the immune
system and in nerve regeneration.
Evolution of magnetic therapy from alternative to traditional medicine.
Vallbona C, Richards T
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of
Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Static or electromagnetic fields have been used for centuries
to control pain and other biologic problems, but scientific evidence of their
effect had not been gathered until recently. This article explores the value of
magnetic therapy in rehabilitation medicine in terms of static magnetic fields
and time varying magnetic fields (electromagnetic). A historical review is given
and the discussion covers the areas of scientific criteria, modalities of
magnetic therapy, mechanisms of the biologic effects of magnetic fields, and
perspectives on the future of magnetic therapy.
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
We performed a double-blind study to measure the clinical and subclinical
effects of an alternative medicine magnetic device on disease activity in
multiple sclerosis (MS). The MS patients were exposed to a magnetic pulsing
device (Enermed) where the frequency of the magnetic pulse was in the 4-13 Hz
range (50-100 milliGauss). A total of 30 MS patients wore the device on
preselected sites between 10 and 24 hours a day for 2 months. Half of the
patients (15) randomly received an Enermed device that was magnetically inactive
and the other half received an active device. Each MS patient received a set of
tests to evaluate MS disease status before and after wearing the Enermed device.
The tests included (1) a clinical rating (Kurtzke, EDSS), (2) patient-reported
performance scales, and (3) quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) during a
language task. Although there was no significant change between pretreatment and
posttreatment in the EDSS scale, there was a significant improvement in the
performance scale (PS) combined rating for bladder control, cognitive function,
fatigue level, mobility, spasticity, and vision (active group -3.83 +/- 1.08, p
< 0.005; placebo group -0.17 +/- 1.07, change in PS scale). There was also a
significant change between pretreatment and posttreatment in alpha EEG magnitude
during the language task recorded at various electrode sites on the left side.
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we have demonstrated a
statistically significant effect of the Enermed magnetic pulsing device on
patient performance scales and on alpha EEG magnitude during a language task.
Pulsing magnetic field effects on brain electrical activity in multiple
sclerosis
Richards TL, Acosta-Urquidi, J
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the
central nervous system. Clinical symptoms include central fatigue, impaired
bladder control, muscle weakness, sensory deficits, impaired cognition, and
others. The cause of MS is unknown, but from histologic, immunologic, and
radiologic studies, we know that there are demyelinated brain lesions (visible
on magnetic resonance images) that contain immune cells such as macrophages and
T-cells (visible on microscopic analysis of brain sections) Recently, a
histologic study has also shown that widespread axonal damage occurs in MS along
with demyelination. What is the possible connection between MS and
bioelectromagnetic fields? We recently published a review entitled
"Bioelectromagnetic applications for multiple sclerosis," which examined several
scientific studies that demonstrated the effects of electromagnetic fields on
nerve regeneration, brain electrical activity (electroencephalography),
neurochemistry, and immune system components. All of these effects are important
for disease pathology and clinical symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). EEG was
measured in this study in order to test our hypothesis that the pulsing magnetic
device affects the brain electrical activity, and that this may be a mechanism
for the effect we have observed on patient-reported symptoms. The EEG data
reported previously were measured only during resting and language conditions.
The purpose of the current study was to measure the effect of the magnetic
device on EEG activity during and after photic stimulation with flashing lights.
After photic stimulation, there was a statistically significant increase in
alpha EEG magnitude that was greater in the active group compared to the placebo
group in electrode positions P3, T5, and O1 (analysis of variance p<.001, F=14,
DF = 1,16). In the comparison between active versus placebo, changes measured
from three electrode positions were statistically significantly even after
multiple comparison correction.
EVALUATION OF A PULSED-MAGNETIC FIELD DEVICE ON MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS SYMPTOMS
Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the Consortium of
Multiple Sclerosis Centers, October 2-4, 1998, Cleveland, Ohio
TL Richards, PhD, University of Washington, Radiology Department
MS Lappin, PhD, Energy Medicine Developments (North America) Inc.
ED Kramer, MD, Cooper Health System/ Robert Wood Johnson, Medical School
Camden, NJ
AD Alquist, University of Washington, Radiology Department
BE Floyd, University of Washington, Radiology Department
KC Stegbauer, , University of Washington, Radiology Department
FW Lawrie, Energy Medicine Developments (North America) Inc.
Introduction
The primary purpose of this research was to test the effects of a pulsing
electromagnetic field on the symptoms and quality of life experienced by
individuals suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS). This project used the
Enermed device (Energy Medicine Developments (North America), Inc.) to expose
patients to individually programmed pulsed electromagnetic fields. Previous
results using this device have been reported for both multiple sclerosis (1) and
migraine patients (2). We have recently published a review of bioelectromagnetic
applications for multiple sclerosis (3) and this document contains background
information on bioelectromagnetism and possible mechanisms for biological
effects. Weak electromagnetic fields have been shown to affect nerve
regeneration, brain electrical activity (electroencephalography),
neurochemistry, and immune system components (see reference 3 and citations
therein).
Methods
Study design
The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed in a 10 week, randomized,
placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study. Data were collected from three
sites: University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Cooper Health System/Robert Wood
Johnson Medical School, Camden, NJ; Neurology Center of Fairfax, Virginia.
Subjects came on site for 4 visits for evaluation before and after exposure to
both active (Enermed) and inactive (Placebo) devices. This study was reviewed
and approved by the Institutional Review Board/ Human Subjects Committee at each
site.
MS Subjects
MS patients were recruited from all three sites (125 total completed the
study). To meet inclusion criteria subjects were: 1) diagnosed with clinically
definite MS (Poser criteria); 2) between the ages of 18 to 60 inclusive; 3)
medically stable -- no MS exacerbations for two months prior to the study; 4)
medicinally stable - no changes in prescription for one month prior; 5) disabled
in bladder control or muscle spasticity with a symptom rating of 2 or higher (0
= no symptoms, 5 = severe symptoms).
The Pulsing Magnetic Field Exposure
Subjects were exposed to a pulsing magnetic field produced by the Enermed
device. This device is a watch-sized, programmable magnet powered by a 3 volt
battery. It is designed to be worn close to the body, and produces a 1
millisecond magnetic pulse in the 50 to 100 milliGauss range. A programmable
chip allows the magnetic pulse trains to be sequentially produced for one to 16
frequencies (12.7 seconds duration for each frequency). In order to determine
the most appropriate frequencies for treatment, each patient was scanned with a
Bioelectric Frequency Analyzer (BFA) which measures weak electromagnetic fields
produced by the body. The BFA consists of a quartz crystal detector embedded in
a padded headset. The output signal is linked to an amplifier and a small
computer for spectrum analysis. After subjects' devices were programmed they
were shown how to tape or attach the device to a spot just below the collar bone
on the chest. They were instructed to wear the device 6 hours the first day and
then increase wearing time by 2 hours each day up to 24 hours a day.
Outcome Measures
The primary outcomes of this study were daily diary measures of bladder
control and muscle spasticity. These included reports of daytime and nighttime
urination frequency and ratings of the severity of any spasticity experienced
during the day and night. Daily reports for the last three weeks of each
treatment session (Enermed and Placebo) were averaged and compared. Secondary
outcomes consisted of symptom ratings scales from the MS Quality of Life
Inventory (MSQLI) developed by the Health Services Research Subcommittee of the
Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers (4). We used four of the abbreviated
MSQLI scales (bladder control, fatigue, perceived deficits, and pain/sensory
problems), plus a spasticity scale we created by modifying the pain effects
scale. The surveys were administered prior to the first treatment session
(baseline measure), and immediately following each four week treatment session.
All five scales had excellent internal consistency reliabilities with Cronbach
alphas averaging .80 or higher across the three time periods.
Results
Daily Diary Data
The daily diary measures were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, both
with and without adjusting for covariates (age, sex, ability to walk 10 yards
unassisted, and treatment sequence). Neither analysis showed significant
treatment effects on frequency of urination or daily spasticity ratings.
Survey Data
Sample Selection. Before analyzing the survey data we dropped the 5
subjects who had physician diagnosed exacerbations during the course of the
study and the 14 subjects who reported at baseline that they had no problems
("0") with spasticity and bladder control. This allowed us to examine the data
for the subset of subjects (n=105) who might truly be candidates for the
therapy, i.e., those experiencing relevant symptoms, without the error variance
introduced by exacerbations and steroid treatments.
Spasticity and Bladder Control Problems. The means on the spasticity
and bladder control scales favored the Enermed group, but were not statistically
significant.
Fatigue, Pain, and Cognitive Problems. Next we looked at the remaining
three MSQLI scales: fatigue, pain/sensory effects, and perceived cognitive
deficits. We were especially interested in fatigue, as this symptom showed the
greatest improvement within the Enermed group in our first study (1). Paired
t-test results showed a significant treatment effect for fatigue (t=-2.59,
p<.01), but not for the other two symptoms (Pain t=-1.30, p<.20; Cogntive
t=-.66, p<.51) . To rule out the possibility that the observed effects for
fatigue were due to one or two extreme scores in the negative tail of the
distribution, we also conducted a non-parametric test (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks
test), based on ranks instead of means. This test also showed a significant
treatment effect. In fact, ranks from the Wilcoxon test indicate that the ratio
of subjects showing improvement on the Enermed relative to the placebo device
was about 1.6 to 1.0 (56:36 with 12 ties). In other words, for every 10 subjects
showing greater placebo effects , 16 subjects showed greater improvements on the
Enermed device.
Subgroup Analyses. To see if certain subgroups responded differently
to the Enermed we used repeated measures ANOVA to examine fatigue as a function
of a) years with MS, b) ability to walk 10 yards, c) severity of symptoms at
baseline, d) type of MS, e) sex, and f) research site. None of the interactions
was significant, however, there were some trends worth noting.. The Enermed
appears to be most effective at alleviating fatigue for MS patients who can walk
10 yards unassisted and whose symptoms are neither very mild nor very extreme
(see Figures 3 and 4). There were also unexpected significant main effects for
research site - overall changes were greater at the Fairfax site than the New
Jersey site, although the treatment effects appear proportional at the two sites
(see Figure 5). Possible reasons for these differences need to be explored
further.
Summary and Conclusion
Although the primary outcome measures (dairy reports) did not show
significant treatment effects, the results of our secondary, survey-based
analyses were encouraging. The MSQLI fatigue scale showed a significant
treatment effect, and post-hoc analyses showed this result was replicated in one
of the two single item measures of fatigue included in other instruments. These
results clearly warrant additional research with a primary focus on fatigue.
Fatigue is one of the most debilitating symptoms associated with MS, and any
non-invasive, non-pharmacological therapy that might alleviate its effects would
be a tremendous addition to the therapies currently available to MS patients.
References:
1. Richards TL, Lappin MS, Acosta-Urquidi J, Kraft GH, Heide AC, Lawrie FW,
Merrill TE, Melton GB, Cunningham CA, Double-blind study of pulsing magnetic
field effects on multiple sclerosis.J Altern Complement Med 3:21, 1997.
2. Lappin MS, Research on the utility of medigen device as a treatment for
migraines. Research Report #1, April 1995. Vancouver, B. C.: Energy Medicine
Developments (North America) Inc.
3. Richards TL, Lappin MS, Lawrie FW, Stegbauer KC, Bioelectromagnetic
applications for multiple sclerosis, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Clinics of North America, 9, 659-674, 1998.
4. Ritvo PG, Fischer JS, Miller DM, Andrews H, Paty DW, LaRocca NG,
Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory: A User's Manual. New York:
National Multiple Sclerosis Society, 1997.
Acknowledgements
We thank the Multiple Sclerosis Association of America for their generous
financial support. We also thank Dr. Richard Kronmall and Statistics and
Epidemiology Researach Corporation for help with statistics and data analysis.
We acknowledge the help of Catherine Cunningham for recruitment of subjects.
Following are descriptions
of recent studies, published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, on the impact
of treatment with magnetic fields on a variety of conditions.
Alzheimer's Disease
This article reports on two Alzheimer's patients who experienced significant
improvement in visual memory and drawing performance following the external
application of electromagnetic fields ranging from 5 to 8 Hz. Improvements were
also seen in other cognitive functions, including spatial orientation, mood,
short-term memory, and social interactions.1
Noting that the
disorganization of circadian rhythm (the daily biological clock) may be causally
related to memory deterioration in old age and possibly to Alzheimer's disease,
this article argues that the use of magnetic fields could lead to memory
improvement among the elderly by means of resynchronization, or resetting, of
the circadian rhythms.2
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease) This article reports on three patients with amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis who experienced beneficial effects following treatment consisting of
three sessions per week of pulsed magnetic fields administered via a
Magnobiopulse apparatus. Patients received upwards of 75 total sessions prior to
achieving maximum recovery.3
Ankle
Sprain
Results of this double-blind,
placebo-controlled study indicated that treatment with two 30-minute sessions of
noninvasive pulsed radiofrequency therapy is effective in significantly
decreasing the time required for edema reduction in patients suffering from
lateral ankle sprains.4
Arthritis
This study found that 3 hours of exposure to a 50-Hz magnetic field
significantly inhibited experimentally induced inflammation and suppressed
arthritis in rats.5
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study examined the effects of pulsed electrical fields
administered over a period of 4 weeks in the treatment of arthritis of the hand.
Results showed significant clinical improvement in patients receiving the
therapy relative to controls.7
In this general
review article on the treatment of patients with psoriatic arthritis with
magnetic fields, the authors state that an alternating low-frequency magnetic
field (30-40 mT) from such generators as "Polius-1" and "Polius-101" improves
the clinical state of afflicted joints. Such treatments are normally carried out
for 30 minutes per day over a period of 15 to 20 days.8
This study examined
the effects of magnetolaser therapy either itself or in combination with
conventional drugs in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Magnetolaser
therapy involved the use of an AMLT-01 device and consisted of 6-minute
exposures daily over a total of 14 days. Results showed a marked improvement
following the first 3 days of magnetolaser therapy, with the strongest positive
effects experienced by patients characterized as suffering from mild to moderate
levels of the disease. At the end of the magnetolaser therapy course, 90 percent
of patients showed improvement.9
This study examined
the effects of low-frequency magnetic fields (from a "Polius-1" device) in
patients 7 to 14 years old suffering from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Treatment consisted of 10 daily exposures of 10 to 12 minutes each. Results
showed beneficial effects in 58, 76, and 37 percent of patients in each of three
experimental groups.10
This study examined
the effects of low-frequency and constant magnetic fields in patients suffering
from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis. Low-frequency magnetic fields were
shown to produce beneficial effects in patients with both stage I and II
rheumatoid arthritis and with osteoarthrosis deformans, especially with respect
to the wrists, knees, and ankles.11
Blepharitis (infection of the eyelid)
Results of this study indicated that the use of an alternating magnetic field in
conjunction with a magnetic ointment containing reduced iron powder had
beneficial effects in patients with chronic blepharitis.12
Bone
Fractures This study examined the effects of bone grafting and pulsed
electromagnetic fields on a group of 83 adults with ununited fractures. Results
showed a successful healing rate of 87 percent in the 38 patients originally
treated with bone grafts and PEMF for ununited fractures with wide gaps,
synovial pseudarthrosis, and malalignment. A healing rate of 93 percent was
shown among the 45 patients who had initially been unsuccessfully treated with
PEMF alone and had bone-grafting and were re-treated with pulsing
electromagnetic fields.14
This study examined
the effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields on 125 patients suffering from
ununited fractures of the tibial diaphysis. Results showed a healing rate of 87
percent.15
Results of this
study showed treatment with pulsed electromagnetic fields resulted in an overall
success rate of at least 75 percent in patients suffering from tibial lesions.16
This review article
makes the following observations with respect to the use of pulsed
electromagnetic fields in treating ununited fractures, failed arthrodeses, and
congenital pseudarthroses. The treatment has been shown to be more than 90
percent effective in adult patients. In cases where union does not occur with
PEMFs alone after approximately four months, PEMF treatment coupled with fresh
bone grafts ensures a maximum failure rate of only 1 to 1.5 percent. For those
with delayed union three to four months following fracture, PEMFs appear to be
more successful than in patients treated with other conservative methods. For
more serious conditions, including infected nonunions, multiple surgical
failures, long-standing atrophic lesions, failed knee arthrodeses after removal
of infected prostheses, and congenital pseudarthroses, PEMF treatment has
exhibited success in most patients.17
Results of this
study found that 35 of 44 nonunited scaphoid fractures 6 months or older healed
in a mean time of 4.3 months during pulsed electromagnetic field treatment using
external coils and a thumb spica cast.
18
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields
in femoral neck fracture patients undergoing conventional therapy. PEMF
treatment was started within two weeks of fracture, and patients were instructed
to make use of the electromagnetic device for 8 hours per day over a 90-day
period. Results showed beneficial effects relative to controls after 18 months
of follow-up.19
This review article
on pulsing electromagnetic fields in the treatment of bone fracture observes
that the surgically noninvasive outpatient method approved by the FDA in 1979
produced confirmed end results in 1007 ununited fractures and 71 failed
arthrodeses, with an overall success rate at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical
Center of 81 percent; an international success rate of 79 percent, and a success
rate with other patients in the U.S. of 76 percent.22
Results of this
double-blind study showed significant healing effects of low-frequency pulsing
electromagnetic fields in patients treated with femoral intertrochanteric
osteotomy for hip degenerative arthritis.25
In this study, 147
patients with fractures of the tibia, femur, and humerus who had failed to
benefit from surgery received treatment with external skeletal fixation in situ
and pulsed electromagnetic fields. Results indicated an overall success rate of
73 percent. Femur union was seen in 81 percent and tibia union in 75 percent.26
This study examined
the effects of extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields (1-1000 Hz, 4
gauss) on new bone fractures of female patients. Results led the authors to
suggest that EMF treatment accelerates the early stages of fracture healing.27
This study examined
the preventive effects of low-frequency pulsing electromagnetic fields against
delayed union in rat fibular osteotomies and diaphyseal tibia fractures in
humans. Results indicated such treatment modulated and accelerated fracture
union in both groups.29
This article
discusses the cases of two children with bone malunion following lengthening of
congenitally shortened lower legs. Pulsed sinusoidal magnetic field treatment
was beneficial for both patients.30
Results of this
study showed that 13 of 15 cases of long-bone nonunion treated with pulsed
electromagnetic fields in combination with Denham external fixator united within
several months.31
Results of this
study found electromagnetic field stimulation to be an effective treatment for
nonunion among a group of 37 French patients.32
Results of this
study found treatment induced pulsing to be beneficial in patients suffering
from nonunions unresponsive to surgery.33
In this interview
with Dr. C. Andrew L. Bassett, a physician researching the use of pulsed
electromagnetic fields for the past 30 years at Columbia University's Orthopedic
Research Lab, Dr. Bassett notes that approximately 10,000 of the 12,000-plus
orthopedic surgeons in the U.S. have used pulsed electromagnetic fields on at
least one patient. Many such surgeons have incorporated the therapy on a more
regular basis. He estimates that a total of at least 65,000 patients nationwide
have received the treatment, with a probable success rate of between 80 and 90
percent. Use of the treatment has been primarily in patients suffering from
nonunited fractures, fusion failures, and pseudoarthrosis.34
Results of this
study showed pulsed electromagnetic fields to have beneficial healing effects in
patients suffering from difficult to treat and surgically resistant bone
nonunions.35
This review article
notes that the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields began in 1974, and that
250,000 nonunion patients have received the treatment since. The author argues
that success rates are comparable to those of bone grafting, and that PEMF
treatment is more cost-effective and free of side effects. The FDA approved PEMF
use in 1982, although it remains widely unused due to physician misunderstanding
and lack of knowledge concerning the treatment.36
This 7-year study
examined data on more than 11,000 cases of nonunions treated with pulsed
electromagnetic fields for up to 10 to 12 hours per day. Results indicated an
overall success rate of 75 percent.37
This study examined
the effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (1-1000 Hz) on middle-aged
female patients suffering from fresh radius fractures. Results showed
significant increases in scintimetric activity surrounding the fracture area
after two weeks of EMF treatment relative to controls.38
This study examined
the effects of constant magnetic fields in patients suffering from fractures.
Results showed that magnetic exposure reduced pain and the onset of edema
shortly after trauma. Where edema was already present, the treatment exhibited
marked anti-inflammatory effects. The strongest beneficial effects occurred in
patients suffering from fractures of the ankle joints.39
Results of this
study found that 10 hours per day of electromagnetic stimulation (1.0-1.5 mV)
produced complete union in 23 of 26 patients receiving the treatment for
nonjoined fractures.40
This review article
looks at the history of pulsed electromagnetic fields as a means of bone repair.
The author argues that success rates have been either superior or equivalent to
those of surgery, with PEMF free of side effects and risk.41
Bronchitis Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicated
that both low-frequency electromagnetic field treatment and treatment with
pulsed electromagnetic fields proved effective in patients suffering from
chronic bronchitis when coupled with standard drug therapies. Magnetic field
treatment consisted of a total of 15 15-20-minute daily exposures.42
Cancer Results of this study found that prolonged exposure to a 7-tesla
uniform static magnetic field for a period of 64 hours inhibited growth of three
human tumor cell lines in vitro.43
This study examined
the effects of a rotational magnetic field on a group of 51 breast cancer
patients. Results showed a significant positive response in 27 of them.44
Results of this
study indicated that exposure to a rotational magnetic field inhibited Walker's
carcinoma tumor growth as much as 90 percent in some cases.45
Results of this
study indicated that pulsed magnetic field stimulation increased the
incorporation of antitumor agents into cells, and thus increased antitumor
activity shifting the cell cycle to a proliferative from a nonproliferative
phase.46
Results of this
study found that 20-30 sessions of magnetotherapy administered preoperatively
exhibited antitumor effects in patients suffering from lung cancer.47
This study examined
the effects of microwave resonance therapy (MRT) in patients suffering from
various forms of cancer. Results showed that MRT treatment prior to surgery
reduced the spread of cancer-associated conditions and reduced the risk
associated with surgery in 87 percent of patients. MRT applied postoperatively
had beneficial effects in 68 percent.50
Results of this
study proved that the combination of weak pulsed electromagnetic fields with
antioxidant supplementation is beneficial in the treatment of patients suffering
from tongue cancer, improving speech, pain control, and tolerance to
chemotherapy.51
Results of this
controlled study indicated that treatment with a constant magnetic field
significantly improved long-term (3-year) survival time in patients undergoing
radiation therapy for cancer of the throat. Constant magnetic field therapy
consisted of the application of 300 mT for 30 minutes to tumor and metastasizing
regions immediately prior to each irradiation.52
Results of this
Russian study indicated that the use of whole body eddy magnetic fields, coupled
with more conventional cancer therapies (including magnetotherapy) is effective
in the treatment of patients suffering from a variety of different malignancies.53
This article reports
on the case of a 48-year-old-woman with breast cancer who was treated
successfully with magnetotherapy. Infiltration showed a marked decrease
following 30 whole body exposures to an eddy magnetic field for 60 minutes. One
metastatic node disappeared while the size of others was reduced following 60
such exposures. A total regression of tumor and metastases was seen following
the completion of a course of 110 exposures.54
This study examined
the effects of whole body magnetic fields (16.5-35 G, 50-165 Hz) on patients
suffering from different forms of cancer. Treatment consisted of 15 cycles, each
1-20 minutes in duration, and was coupled with more traditional cancer
therapies. Results showed that the magnetotherapy had overall beneficial
effects, particularly with respect to improved immune status and postoperative
recovery.55
Cardiovascular/Coronary Heart Disease Results of this study found that the addition of magnetotherapy to
the treatment of patients suffering from ischemic heart disease and
osteochondrosis led to clinical improvements.57
Results of this
study involving 23 parasystolic children found that low-frequency magnetic field
exposure improved humoral and cellular processes involved in the regulation of
cardiac rhythm.58
The authors of this
study report on their development of a polymagnetic system called Avrora-MK-01
used to administer impulse magnetic fields to diseases of the leg vessels.
Results indicated positive effects on peripheral capillaries in 75-82 percent of
patients receiving the treatment at a pre-gangrene stage.59
Results of this
study showed exposure to low-frequency alternating magnetic fields had
beneficial effects in children with primary arterial hypertension, as seen in
the attenuation of sympathetic and vagotonic symptoms.60
This study
demonstrated that traveling pulsed magnetic field and magnetic laser treatment
produced beneficial effects in patients suffering from the initial stages of
essential hypertension.61
In this article, the
authors propose a new approach to treating atherosclerosis through the
alteration of biophysical properties both intracellularly and extracellularly.
Citing their own preliminary data, they suggest atherosclerotic lesions might be
selectively resolved without harming normal blood vessels allowing the lesions
to take up the magnetically excitable submicron particles and then applying an
external alternating electromagnetic field.62
This study examined
the effects of constant MKM2-1 magnets on essential hypertension patients.
Results indicated the treatment decreased arterial pressure in stage II
patients, with magnetotherapy being shown to produce beneficial effects on the
central hemodynamics and microcirculation.63
Results from several
recent studies conducted the author are reviewed. Conclusions are that pulsed
electromagnetic fields exhibit protective effects against necrosis from acute
ischemia in rats, cerebral infarcts in rabbits, and myocardium infarcts in rats.64
This study examined
the effects of extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR) in
93 patients suffering ischemic heart disease. EHF treatment consisted of 10 to
15 exposures of the lower end of the sternum from a 'Yav'-1-7,1 device.
Treatment was performed five times weekly for a total of 30 minutes per day,
with drug therapy being maintained during this period. Positive results tended
to occur after 5 to 6 treatment sessions, with a good or satisfactory response
being reported in 82 of 93 patients, and lasting as long as 11 months after
hospital release.65
This review article
concerning the clinical application of electromagnetic fields notes that
microwave therapy has been shown to improve local circulation and vascular tone,
increase the volume of functional capillaries, lower hypertension, stimulate
protein and carbohydrate metabolism, stimulate the pituitary-adrenal system,
produce anti-inflammatory effects, and improve digestive organ function. Studies
have shown decimeter wave therapy capable of stimulating the secretory function
of the stomach, as well as blood circulation, respiratory function, and the
immune system. Side effects have been reported in both human and animal studies.67
In this study, 30
myocardial infarction patients received millimeter-wave (MW) therapy in the form
of 10 exposures of 30 minutes per day, with a 2-day interruption after the fifth
exposure. Patients continued conventional drug treatment during the MW therapy
period. Better results were seen in those patients exposed to the MW therapy
relative to an equal number of patients receiving conventional treatment only.68
This study examined
the effects of millimeter wave therapy in approximately 450 patients suffering
from a variety of diseases, including those of the musculoskeletal, digestive,
pulmonary, and nervous systems. Treatment consisted of 25-30 minutes per day
using the "Porog-1" apparatus and generally lasted for a period of up to 10
days. Results showed positive effects in over 87 percent of the patients.69
Results of this
study found that the use of magnetophore therapy (constant magnets applied to
adrenal regions 10 hours per day for 15 days) significantly improved symptoms
associated with hypertension in about 35 percent of patients studied, with mild
improvement seen in 30 percent, and no improvement in 35 percent. Patients
receiving decimeter-band waves (460 MHz, field intensity of 35-45 W, for 10-15
minutes per day for a total of 15 days) experienced similar results.70
Results of this
placebo-controlled study demonstrated a 76-percent effectiveness rate for
running impulse magnetic field therapy in a group of arterial hypertensive
patients. Treatment consisted of two 25-minute exposures per day over a period
of 10-20 total exposures, at frequencies of 10 or 100 Hz and magnetic field
intensity of 3 or 10 mT.71
This study examined
the efficacy of the reinfusion of autologous blood following magnetic field
exposure in hypertensive patients. Positive effects were found in 92 percent of
patients receiving the treatment.73
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study examined the effects of magnetotherapy in patients
suffering from first- or second-stage hypertension. A magnetic field of 50 Hz,
15-25 mT was applied to acupuncture points He-Gu and Shen'-Men for 15-20 seconds
per day for a total of 9-10 days. Results: The treatment improved headaches in
88 percent of patients, dizziness in 89 percent, and irritability in 88 percent.
In general, 95 percent of hypertensive patients experienced beneficial effects
from the treatment, and the morbidity rate decreased twofold following one
course extended over a period of 5-6 months.74
This
placebo-controlled study examined the effects of constant and of running
magnetic fields in patients suffering from stage II hypertension. Results found
that constant magnetic fields exhibited benefits in 68 percent of patients
treated, and running magnetic fields were helpful in 78 percent. Only 30 percent
of controls showed improvement. Constant magnetic field treatment consisted of
constant magnets applied to the inner side of the wrist on each hand for 35-40
minutes daily over a period of 7-10 days. Running magnetic field treatment
involved the use of a "Alimp-1" apparatus for 20 minutes per day for a total of
12-15 days.76
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study found that magnetotherapy was effective in the
treatment of symptoms associated with stage II hypertension, such as headache,
dizziness, and cardiodynia. The therapy consisted of permanent circular magnets
(16 mT) applied to the inner forearm for 30-45 minutes per day over a period of
10 sessions.77
This controlled
study examined the effects of magnetotherapy in patients suffering from
neurocirculatory hypotension (low blood pressure) or hypertension (high blood
pressure). Treatment consisted of a running pulsed magnetic field generated an
"ALIMP" device (0.5 mT, 300 Hz) administered for 20 minutes per day over a
course of 10 days. Patients suffering from hypotension did not benefit
significantly from the magnetotherapy. Hypertension patients, however, showed a
marked improvement with respect to symptoms including headache, chest pain,
extremity numbness, abnormal systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and work
capacity.80
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study found that low-frequency, low-intensity electrostatic
fields (40-62 Hz) administered for 12-14 minutes per day helped normalize blood
pressure in patients suffering from hypertension.81
This study examined
the effects of low-frequency alternating magnetic fields in patients suffering
from arteriosclerosis or osteoarthrosis deformans. Treatment involved 10-15
minute daily leg exposures over a total of 15 days. Results showed the treatment
to be effective in 80 percent of arteriosclerosis patients and 70 percent of
those with osteoarthrosis deformans.82
This study examined
the effects of low-frequency magnetic fields (25 mT) in patients suffering
atherosclerotic encephalopathy. Treatment involved 10-15 minute daily exposures
over a total of 10-15 applications. Results showed clinical improvements with
respect to chest pain, vertigo, headache, and other symptoms.83
Chronic
Venous Insufficiency This study examined the effects of alternating magnetic fields
(15-20 minutes per day over a period of 20 days) in patients suffering from
chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, and trophic shin ulcers. Results
showed good effects in 236 of the 271 patients receiving the treatment.
Thirty-four patients reported satisfactory effects. Only one patient experienced
no effects.85
This review article
notes that magnetotherapy in a variety of forms has been successfully used in
the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and is a commonly used physical
therapy for the condition.86
This study examined
the effects of running impulse magnetic fields in patients suffering from vessel
obliteration diseases of the legs. Treatment consisted of 15-20 whole body
exposures (0.5-5 mT, 1-2 Hz) lasting 15-20 minutes each. Results showed
treatment led to a significant reduction in the number of patients experiencing
leg pain while at rest. Among patients previously unable to walk a 500-m
distance, 52 percent were able to complete the distance following treatment.
Circulation improved in 75-82 percent of patients.87
Dental
Problems This placebo-controlled study examined the effects of micromagnets
in the treatment of periodontal disease. Micromagnets were attached to the skin
over areas of inflammation for a period ranging from 1 to 8 days, with the
number of magnets used at once varying from 1 to 6. The course of treatment
lasted as long as 4 weeks. Results indicated that patients receiving the
micromagnet therapy experienced earlier and more trouble-free recoveries
following oral surgery, as well as less pain relative to controls.99
This controlled
study examined the effects of adjunctive Diapulse electromagnetic therapy on
oral surgery recovery. Patients received the therapy once per day beginning
between 3 to 5 days prior to oral surgery. Therapy was maintained until the
point of hospital release. Results found the therapy produced significant
healing relative to controls, who received conventional treatment only.100
This study found
that patients suffering from various oral diseases experienced more rapid
healing when treated with both conventional therapies and 30 minutes per day of
pulsed electromagnetic fields (5 mT, 30 Hz), as opposed to conventional
therapies alone.101
Depression This review article examined the literature concerning the use of
transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression. Results showed
the high-frequency, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment to be
an effective, side-effect free therapy for depression that may hold promise for
treating related psychiatric disorders as well.103
Noting that there is
good reason to believe the pineal gland is a magnetosensitive system and that
application of magnetic fields in experimental animals has a similar effect to
that of acute exposure to light with respect to melatonin secretion, the authors
propose that magnetic treatment could be a beneficial new therapy for winter
depression in humans.104
This review article
notes that transcranial magnetic stimulation has been shown to elicit
antidepressant effects, electically stimulating deep regions of the brain.105
In this theoretical
paper, the author argues that deep, low-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation
can produce therapeutic effects equivalent to those of electroconvulsive therapy
but without the dangerous side effects.106
This study examined
the effects of millimeter wave (MW) therapy as a supplemental treatment in
patients suffering from various types of depression. MW therapy involved the use
of a "Yav'-1" apparatus (5.6 mm wavelength, 53 GHz), and consisted of up to 60
minutes of exposure per day, 2 to 3 times per week, for a total of as many as 15
exposures. Results showed that combined MW/conventional treatment produced a
complete recovery in over 50 percent of cases studied, a significant improvement
in 41 percent, and some improvement in 8 percent. Recovery rates among controls
(conventional treatment only) were 4, 48, and 41 percent, respectively.108
Results of this
study led researchers to conclude that patients suffering from major depression
experienced a significant reduction of depressive symptoms following treatment
with transcranial magnetic stimulation coupled with standard medication relative
to patients taking the medicine. This was true after just three TMS treatments.109
Dermatitis This study examined the effects of conventional treatments
combined with millimeter wave (MW) therapy (54- to 70-GHz frequency, 8-15 daily
exposures of 15-30 minutes each) on patients suffering from atopic dermatitis.
Results indicated that the MW therapy was well-tolerated all patients, with the
rash generally regressing after 7-8 exposures. Marked recovery was seen among 78
percent of patients receiving the combination treatments. Two-year follow-up
showed a 23-percent relapse rate among combination patients, compared to 54
percent among controls.110
Diabetes In this study, 320 diabetics received impulsed magnetic field
treatment while 100 diabetics (controls) received conservative therapy alone.
Results showed beneficial effects with respect to vascular complications in 74
percent of the patients receiving magnetotherapy combined with conservative
methods, compared to a 28-percent effectiveness rate among controls.111
This study involving
72 diabetics with purulent wounds found that magnetic fields aided healing
significantly.113
Diseases
of the Larynx Results of this study found that alternative magnetic field of
sound frequency proved to be an effective treatment in patients suffering from
acute inflammatory diseases of the larynx.117
Duchenne-Erb Disease This study examined the effects of electromagnetic fields in the
treatment of 5-year-old children suffering from Duchenne-Erb disease. Children
were exposed to either UHF or DMW therapy for 8-12 minutes per day on
alternating days over a period of approximately 10 days. Following the
electromagnetic fields course, children received mud applications on the collar
area and injured extremity. Results showed that treatment decreased contractures
in shoulder and elbow joints, increased mobility and muscle strength, and
improved general function of the arm.118
Endometriosis This study found that a combined treatment consisting of
magnetic-infrared-laser therapy (10-15 min/day ever other day over a period of
10-14 exposures, then repeated in 2-3 months) and conventional drug therapy
proved highly effective in women suffering from endometriosis.119
Endometritis
Results of this study found that the administration of constant magnetic field
in combination with other treatment modalities led to significant beneficial
effects in patients suffering from acute endometritis following abortion.120
Epilepsy This article reports on the cases of three patients with partial
seizures who received treatment with external artificial magnetic fields of low
intensity. Such treatment led to a significant attenuation of seizure frequency
over a 10-14-month period.121
Experimental results
indicated that the administration of modulated electromagnetic fields of 2-30 Hz
suppressed epilepsy in rats.122
This review article
cites one study in particular in which results showed that pretreatment with 30
minutes of exposure to a 75-mT pole strength, DC-powered magnetic field
significantly prevented experimentally induced seizures in mice.123
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study examined the effects of 2-hour exposure to weak
magnetic fields (0.2-0.7 G, irregularly oscillating 0.026-0.067 Hz) produced 3
pairs of orthogonal Helmholtz coils on pain perception in healthy subjects.
Results showed that magnetic treatment significantly reduced the perception of
pain.124
This article reports
on the case of a severe epileptic who experienced a significant lessening of
behavior disturbances and seizure frequency following treatment with
low-frequency, external artificial magnetic fields.125
Low-frequency,
external artificial magnetic field treatment was shown to significantly reduce
seizures in four adult epileptic cases.126
Gastroduodenitis Results of this study indicated that treatment with decimeter-band
electromagnetic fields improved motor function of the stomach and reduced
dyspepsia and pain in children suffering from chronic gastroduodenitis.
Treatment made use of the "Romashka" apparatus (a cylinder applicator, 100 mm in
diameter, power of 6-8 W) applied to the gastroduodenal region, and consisted of
6-12 minute exposures every other day for a total of 8-12 exposures.129
This controlled
study examined the effects of sinusoidally modulated currents (100 Hz) coupled
with conventional therapy in children suffering from chronic gastroduodenitis.
Children received 8-10 exposures lasting between 6 and 10 minutes. Results
showed that the treatment reduced inflammation in 72 percent of patients
relative to just a 45-percent rate among controls. About 77 percent of treatment
patients experienced elimination of gastro-esophageal and duodeno-gastral
refluxes, compared to 29 percent of controls.130
General Results of this study indicated that the optimal frequency of
pulsed magnetic fields ranges between 10.0 and 25.0 Hz in the treatment of
chronic inflammatory conditions of the locomotor apparatus, ischemia of the
blood vessels of the lower extremities, dyspeptic syndrome, lactation mastitis,
and other diseases. Treatment proved best when the therapeutic cycle was
repeated after a 2-3 month period.131
This article reviews
the use of magnetotherapy in Czechoslovakia. Noting that this modality has been
used for more than a decade, the author states that magnetotherapy has been
shown to be effective in treating rheumatic diseases, sinusitis, enuresis, and
ischemic disorders of the lower extremities. Positive findings have also been
shown with respect to multiple sclerosis and degenerative diseases of the
retina.132
This review article
notes that pulse-type electromagnetic fields (PEMF) are the most frequently used
type of electromagnetic therapy. Another form is pulsed radio frequency; PRF
therapy generally includes daily sessions of 30-minute exposure and is primarily
used in cases of pain and edema, with results being apparent quickly when the
therapy is effective. PEMF treatment is most successful when used in bone
healing, with results occurring over a longer period of time.133
This study examined
the effects of electromagnetic fields administered over a period of 10 days on
354 patients suffering from various orthopedic conditions. Results showed the
effects to be positive, with the greatest benefit experienced among patients
with acute lesions.134
Noting that
beneficial effects of low-energy, time-varying magnetic fields have been shown
since the early 1970s, this review article cites studies pointing to its success
in the treatment of a wide range of conditions. The best results for this
modality obtained in the area of bone healing.135
This review article
claims that over a quarter of a million patients worldwide with chronically
ununited fractures have experienced beneficial results from treatment with
pulsed electromagnetic fields. In addition, the author cites studies pointing to
the treatment's efficacy with respect to other conditions such as nerve
regeneration, wound healing, graft behavior, diabetes, heart attack, and stroke.136
This review article
notes that low-intensity millimeter waves have been used for treating a wide
variety of medical conditions in the former Soviet Union since 1977, with more
than a million patients treated and more than a thousand treatment centers in
existence. This therapy has been approved for widespread use the Russian
Ministry of Health, and over 300 scientific publications have described its
effects. A typical course of treatment involves 10-15 daily exposures ranging
from 15 to 60 minutes each.137
This study concluded
that the use of millimeter wave (MW) therapy was effective in the treatment of
both children and adults suffering from a variety of orthopedic diseases,
including osteochondrosis, arthrosis, infantile cerebral paralysis, Perthes'
disease, and inborn femur dislocation. MW therapy made use of the G4-142
apparatus (55-65 GHz). Exposure was for 15-30 minutes in children or 30-60
minutes in adults over a period of 10-12 total exposures.138
This research
examined the effects of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on patients
suffering from a wide range of disorders, including musculoskeletal disorders,
neurological disorders, circulatory diseases, traumatic disorders,
gastroenterological problems, and stress-related morbidity. Treatment made use
of the Rhumart apparatus, which produced waveforms with peak amplitudes up to 30
G. Results, based on the patients' own subjective ratings, indicated the
treatment to be beneficial across most conditions, with the strongest effects
seen in those suffering from musculoskeletal and traumatic disorders.139
This review article
summarizes findings presented at the Third Workshop on the use of low-intensity
millimeter waves in medicine, held in Zvenigorod, Moscow Region, Russia. Such
findings pointed to the efficacy of MW therapy with respect to alcoholism and
its associated symptoms, gastric and duodenal ulcers, psoriasis, chronic
furunculosis, and cardiovascular diseases.140
This study examined
the effects of magnetotherapy on patients suffering from a variety of eye and
brain vascular disorders. Treatment made use of the "Polius-1" apparatus (50
Hz), with most patients receiving a course of 15-20 daily exposures. Results
showed overall general improvements in 95 percent of patients with eye diseases.141
This review article
notes that low-frequency electromagnetic therapy has been used for a variety of
purposes. Those specifically identified the author include cell growth
promotion, pain reduction, improved blood circulation, bone repair, increased
wound healing, sedative effects, enhanced sleep, and arthritic relief.142
This review article
notes that treatment with an "Infita" apparatus, used to deliver low-frequency
magnetic fields, has been shown to improve general hemodynamics and
microcirculation in addition to exhibiting anti-inflammatory, sedative, and
analgesic effects in Olympic-level Russian athletes.143
This review article
cites studies pointing to the efficacy of low-frequency magnetic fields in the
treatment of a wide variety of conditions, including burns, arthritis,
fractures, arterial aneurysms, PMS, phantom pain, tuberculosis, ischemic heart
disease, hypertension, bronchial asthma, and ulcerated varicose veins, among
others.144
This study examined
the effects of extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields (TAMMAT device) in the
treatment of a group of 650 patients suffering from a host of various diseases.
Treatment consisted 15-25 minute daily exposures 5 days per week over a total of
20-25 days. Most patients experienced improvements after 2-3 exposures. Marked
improvements were seen with respect to analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor,
and immune-enhancing effects.145
This article reports
on the efficacy of a Russian electromagnetic stimulation apparatus termed
"Cascade." The authors state that data from 508 patients suffering from various
ailments who were treated with the device indicate it to be anywhere from 75 to
100 percent effective. Examples of conditions in which the device was used
include stubborn fractures, post-traumatic contractures, crush syndrome, and
Perthes' disease.146
This review article
on the use of pulsed magnetotherapy in Czechoslovakia points to its efficacy
across a variety of conditions, including joint problems, enuresis, multiple
sclerosis, diabetes, and carpal tunnel syndrome.147
Glaucoma In this study, patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with
compensated intraocular pressure were administered magnetotherapy using an ATOS
device with 33-mT magnetic field induction. The procedure was administered to a
patient in a sitting posture with a magnetic inductor held before the eye.
Sessions lasted 10 minutes and each course included 10 sessions. Following 4-5
months of therapy, results showed improved vision acuity 0.16 diopters, on an
average of 29 out of 30 eyes with vision acuity below 1.0.149
Hair
Loss
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of pulsed
electromagnetic fields on hair loss in men suffering from male pattern baldness.
PEMF exposures were administered to the head for 12 minutes and were given
weekly or twice weekly over a period of 36 weeks. Results found the PEMF
treatment both prevented hair loss and promoted regrowth without side effects.151
Headache Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study
demonstrated that the administration of a pulsed magnetic field for less than
one hour to headache patients produced significant beneficial effects, as shown
subjective patient reports, as well as EEG activity.152
This article reports
on the case of an acute migraine patient who was successfully treated with
external magnetic fields.153
This article
examined the effects of millimeter wave therapy in the treatment of 107 patients
suffering from headaches of varying causes. Treatment consisted of the Nao-Hu,
Bai-Huei, and Hua-Chai acupuncture points being exposed to 5.6- and 4.9-mm
wavelengths via the use of "Yav'-1-5.6" or "Electronka-KVCh" devices,
respectively. Exposure lasted up to 60 minutes per day over a course of 10 days.
All patients experienced positive results following 3-5 exposures. After one
year, 48 percent of patients remained free of headaches, with a significant
decrease in another 41 percent.154
This study examined
the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (20 minutes per day for 15 days) in
the treatment of patients suffering from chronic headaches. Results indicated
the treatment to be most effective in patients suffering from tension headaches,
with 88 percent of such patients reporting positive results. Beneficial results
were also experienced patients suffering from migraines (60 percent), cervical
migraines (68 percent), and psychogenic headaches (60 percent).155
In this study, 90
headache patients were treated with pulsating electromagnetic fields via large
coils to the body for 20 minutes per day for a total of 15 days. Results found
the treatment to be either excellent or good for those patients suffering from
migraine, tension, and/or cervical headaches. Patients experiencing
post-traumatic or cluster headaches did not experience such benefits.156
Results of this
study indicated that pulsating electromagnetic fields (12 Hz and 5 mT) were an
effective prophylactic treatment for patients suffering from cervical and
migraine headaches.157
This
placebo-controlled, double-blind study examined the effects of pulsed
electromagnetic fields (2-5 Hz and flux densities of 3-4 mT) on patients
suffering from migraine headaches. PEMFs were administered to the head for 10-15
minutes per day over a period of 30 days. Results showed a mean improvement
level of 66 percent in patients receiving the treatment, compared to just 23
percent among controls.158
Hemophilia In this study, hemophiliacs suffering from joint hemorrhage
received millimeter wave (MW) therapy at biologically active points beginning on
the first day of hospital release. Adults were treated with an
"Electronica-KVCh" device (61 GHz, 5 mW maximum power) and children were treated
with a "Porog" device, which generates low-intensity wide-band MMW noise.
Exposures in both groups lasted for 20-25 minutes per day and were extended over
a period of 10 days. Results indicated the treatment to be more effective than
conventional therapy with respect to alleviation of pain, need for medication,
and other parameters.159
Hepatitis This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects
of millimeter wave therapy combined with conventional methods in the treatment
of viral hepatitis in children. Making use of a "Yav'-1-5,6" or "Yav'-1-7,7"
device, MW therapy involved 14-15 exposures of, on average, 30 minutes per day
at wavelengths of either 5.6 or 7.1 mm. Results indicated the combined treatment
to be more effective than conventional treatment only, leading to a more rapid
restoration of liver function.160
Results of this
study showed that the use of magnetic fields was effective in treating patients
suffering from viral hepatitis who had previously not benefited from
conventional drug therapies.161
This study examined
the effects of magnetotherapy in children suffering from various forms of viral
hepatitis. Magnetotherapy consisted of alternating magnetic fields applied to
the liver area daily over a total of 10-15 days. Results indicated
magnetotherapy led to more rapid and trouble-free recovery.162
Herniated Disk This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects
of magnetotherapy in patients following herniated disk surgery. Results showed
that 52 percent of patients receiving the treatment compared to 30 percent of
controls reported being free of symptoms at the time of hospital release.163
Hip
Problems This double-blind study examined the effects of pulsed
electromagnetic fields on loosened hip prostheses. Results showed an increase of
bone density in all patients receiving PEMF treatment compared to only 60
percent of controls. The authors argue such findings suggest PEMF elicits early
bone reconstruction, which enhances early weight bearing.164
This study examined
the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (50 Hz, 50 G) in treating aseptic
loosening of total hip prostheses. PEMF therapy consisted of 20 minutes per day
for 6 days per week over a total of 20 such sessions and was begun, on average,
a year and a half following the start of loosening. Results showed PEMF to have
some beneficial effects with respect to loosened hip arthroplasties, although it
was not effective in patients suffering severe pain due to extreme loosening.165
Joint
Disease Results of this 11-year study involving 3014 patients found pulsed
magnetic field treatment at low frequencies and intensities to be a highly
effective, side-effect-free therapy for joint disease.168
Kidney
Problems This review article notes that placebo-controlled studies have
shown positive results concerning the use of pulsed magnetic field therapy in
the treatment of secondary chronic pyelonephritis.171
Lung
Disease This study examined the effects of low-frequency magnetic fields
coupled with conventional therapies in rats suffering from inflammatory lung
disease. Results showed that rats receiving the magnetic fields experienced
significant reductions in lung abscesses and associated symptoms, and similar
beneficial effects were seen among a group of 165 human patients receiving
comparable treatment.177
Lupus
Erythematosus
This review article examined the data concerning impulsed magnetic fields in the
treatment of lupus erythematosus. Studies indicate that the treatment can be
beneficial due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, its positive
action on microcirculation, and immunological reactivity.178
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study examined the effects of UHF and microwave therapy in
treating patients suffering from systemic lupus. Twenty-six patients were given
30-35 W of microwave irradiation administered to the adrenal region. Twenty-five
patients were given 30-35 W UHF administered bilaterally to the temporal region.
The treatment regimen for both groups included 18-20 daily sessions. A group of
11 patients were used as controls. Results showed both treatments to be
effective, with 27 percent of microwave patients and 66 percent of UHF patients
reporting total elimination of polyarthralgia, myalgia, and painful
contractures.179
Results of this
study indicated that the bitemporal application of ultrahigh-frequency
electromagnetic fields to the hypothalamo-hypophyseal area daily over a period
of 18-20 days had beneficial effects in patients suffering from systemic lupus
erythematosus.180
Multiple
Sclerosis This article reports on the case of a 55-year-old female chronic
progressive multiple sclerosis patient who received a single external
application of low magnetic fields (7.5-picotesla; 5-Hz frequency) which lasted
20 minutes. The treatment quickly led to improvements in a variety of areas,
including fatigue, sleep, vision, bladder function, movement and speech
problems, and mood.182
This study reports
on four cases of multiple sclerosis who experienced improvements in visuospatial
and visuomotor functions following treatment with external application of low
magnetic fields.183
This article reports
on the case of a 50-year-old female chronic progressive multiple sclerosis
patient who received a single external application of low magnetic fields who
experienced significant improvements following the treatment.184
This article reports
on the cases of three patients suffering from long-time symptoms of multiple
sclerosis who received treatment with extracerebral pulsed electromagnetic
fields over a period of between 6 and 18 months. Results showed all three
patients experienced significant improvements in cognitive functions.185
This is a report on
the cases of two chronic multiple sclerosis patients exhibiting severe speech
problems. Symptoms were completely resolved following 3-4 weeks of treatment
with pulsed electromagnetic fields.186
This article reports
on the cases of three multiple sclerosis patients suffering from alexia (lack of
understanding of written words) who experienced a reversal of the alexia
following the start of picotesla-range electromagnetic field treatment.187
This article reports
on the case of a middle-aged disabled female patient with a 19-year history of
chronic relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Within one day of receiving
experimental treatment with picotesla electromagnetic fields, the patient
exhibited improvements in her condition. The patient continued with 1-2
treatments per week over a period of 32 months. During this time, significant
improvements were seen with respect to a range of physical symptoms, as well as
cognitive functions.188
The cases of three
female multiple sclerosis patients exhibiting suicidal behavior are discussed in
this article. Treatment with pulsed picotesla-level electromagnetic fields
resolved the suicidal behavior in all three patients, an improvement that was
maintained over a follow-up period of 3.5 years.189
This article reports
on the case of a 36-year-old man severely disabled with partial paralysis and
lack of coordination. Three treatment sessions per week with pulsed
electromagnetic fields over a period of one year led to a range of improvements,
including improvements in gait, balance, bowel and bladder functions, vision,
mood, and sleep. No progression of symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis
was seen throughout the course of EMF treatment.190
This article reports
on the cases of two multiple sclerosis patients suffering from chronic ataxia
who performed poorly on human figure drawing tests administered to measure body
image perception. Treatment with extracerebral applications of picotesla flux
electromagnetic fields led to improvements in gait and balance as well as a
normalization in body image perception as seen on a repeat of the same test each
patient.191
This article reports
on the case of a 51-year-old female patient with remitting-progressive multiple
sclerosis who experienced a successful reduction in carbohydrate craving
believed to be associated with the exacerbation of her condition following
treatment with a series of extracranial AC pulsed applications of picotesla flux
intensity electromagnetic fields.192
This article reports
on the cases of three multiple sclerosis patients suffering from a chronic
progressive course of the disease who experienced a reduction in tremors
following treatment with brief external applications of pulsed EMFs of 7.5-pT
intensity.195
This article reports
on the cases of three female chronic multiple sclerosis patients who experienced
a reversal of cognitive deficits following treatment with brief external
applications of alternating pulsed electromagnetic fields in the picotesla range
of intensity.196
This article reports
on the cases of three female multiple sclerosis patients with poor word fluency
who experienced a 100-percent increase in word output following 4-5 sessions of
treatment with external applications of extremely weak electromagnetic fields in
the picotesla range of intensity.197
This article reports
on the case of a 58-year-old male multiple sclerosis patient with a 37-year
history of the disease. Treatment with external application of magnetic fields
in the picotesla range led to a speedy improvement of neurological symptoms in
the areas of walking, balance, sensory symptoms, and bladder function.
Improvements in numerous cognitive functions were seen within 24 hours of
treatment as well.198
This article reports
on the case of a 36-year-old multiple sclerosis patient who experienced
immediate improvements in visuoperceptive functions following treatment with
external application of picotesla-range magnetic fields.199
This article reports
on the cases of three multiple sclerosis patients suffering from falls due to
rapid deterioration in balance and triggered distracting external auditory
stimuli. Treatment with a series of extracranially applied, low-frequency
picotesla-range intensity electromagnetic fields quickly resolved such symptoms
associated with a loss of balance.200
This article reports
on the cases of three multiple sclerosis patients experiencing continuous and
debilitating daily fatigue over the course of several years. Treatment with
extracranially applied picotesla flux electromagnetic fields dramatically
improved symptoms of fatigue in all three patients.201
This article reports
on the cases of two female patients with chronic progressive-stage multiple
sclerosis who suffered from regular worsening of their symptoms starting
approximately a week prior to menstruation and abating at menstruation onset.
Such symptoms were resolved in both patients two months following the start of
treatment with the extracranial application of weak electromagnetic fields.205
This article reports
on the case of a 64-year-old female patient with a 22-year history of chronic
progressive multiple sclerosis. Two 30-minute treatments with low-level
electromagnetic fields produced a marked improvement in a variety of symptoms.207
Results of this
double-blind, placebo-controlled study found that pulsed electromagnetic fields
administered daily over a period of 15 days proved to be an effective treatment
in reducing spasticity and incontinence associated with multiple sclerosis.209
Results of this
double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicated that pulsed electromagnetic
fields administered daily over a period of 15 days is a generally effective
treatment in reducing symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis, with the most
positive improvements involving the alleviation of spasticity and pain.210
Results of this
double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicated that exposure to magnetic
fields produced beneficial clinical effects in patients suffering from cerebral
paralysis and in patients with multiple sclerosis.211
Muscle
Injury This study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields
on recovery following muscle injury in rats. Results showed that both pulsed and
constant magnetic fields were equally effective, with the constant field being
more intense.212
This study examined
the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (Gyuling-Bordacs device) in
patients suffering from peripheral muscle paralysis. Treatment consisted of
20-minute exposures (2-50 Hz, 70 G). Results showed 50-Hz pulsed electromagnetic
fields to be the most effective level of treatment and that such therapy
enhanced muscle irritability in peripheral paralysis patients as well as in
healthy controls.213
Neck
Pain
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of low-energy
pulsed electromagnetic fields administered via soft collars on patients
suffering from persistent neck pain. Results indicated significantly beneficial
effects following three weeks of treatment.214
Nerve
Damage
This controlled study found that exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields
enhanced the speed and degree of peripheral nerve regeneration twofold in rats
with experimentally severed sciatic nerves.215
Results of this
controlled study demonstrated that treatment with 15 minutes per day of pulsed
electromagnetic fields enhanced recovery time of experimentally-injured nerves
in rats.216
Results of this
study indicated that the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields on experimentally
divided and sutured nerves in rats sped up regeneration of damaged nerves and
the time it took for limb use to be recovered.219
This study examined
the effects of a Soviet Polyus-1 low-frequency magnetotherapy device used to
administer approximately 10 mT for approximately 10 minutes in patients with
optic nerve atrophy. Patients underwent 10-15 sessions per course. Results
showed that vision acuity in patients with low acuity values (below 0.04
diopters) improved in 50 percent of cases. It was also found that the treatment
improved ocular blood flow in cases of optic nerve atrophy. Optimal benefits
were experienced after 10 therapy sessions.220
Neurological Disorders This article summarizes clinical results obtained the authors in
using pulsed electromagnetic fields (Gyuling-Bordacs device) in the treatment of
neurological and locomotor disorders among a group of 148 patients in a hospital
setting over a period of 3 years. The authors claim that 58-80 percent of such
patients experienced benefits of some kind over the course of magnetotherapy.221
This study examined
the effects of magnetotherapy on patients suffering from nervous system
diseases. Treatment consisted of 10-12 6-minute exposures (10-20 kG, 0.1-0.6
Hz). Results indicated beneficial effects in 25 of the 27 patients receiving the
treatment.222
Results of this
study found that the use of magnetic fields (30-35 mT, 10 and 100 Hz) produced
beneficial effects in 93 percent of patients suffering from nerve problems.223
Osteoarthritis Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicated
that exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields had beneficial effects in the
treatment of patients suffering from painful osteoarthritis of the knee or
cervical spine. PEMF therapy consisted of 18 exposures lasting 30 minutes and
administered 3-5 times per week.224
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study indicated that treatment with pulsed electromagnetic
fields produced significant favorable effects in patients suffering from
osteoarthritis.226
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study showed that treatment with pulsed electromagnetic
fields yielded significant benefits in patients suffering from osteoarthritis of
the knee or cervical spine. PEMF therapy (25 G, 5-24 Hz) consisted of 18
30-minute exposures over a period of 3-4 weeks.227
This controlled
study examined the effects of changeable magnetic fields (Polus-101 device)
coupled with more conventional therapies in the treatment of patients suffering
from osteoarthrosis. Magnetic therapy consisted of daily 20 minute exposures for
a total of 12 sessions. Results showed more rapid improvements of immunological
indices and alleviation of symptoms associated with the disease among patients
receiving the combination therapy compared to those treated only conventionally.228
Osteochondrosis This study examined the effects of alternating magnetic fields (50
Hz, 10-50 mT) combined with conservative therapy in patients suffering from
spinal osteochondrosis. Treatment consisted of 20-minute exposures over a total
of 20-25 such exposures per course. Results showed clinical benefits in 95
percent of patients receiving the combination treatment compared to just 30
percent among controls.229
Osteonecrosis This pilot study found that the use of pulsed electromagnetic
fields produced beneficial effects in patients suffering from osteonecrosis of
the femoral head.230
This study examined
the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields in the treatment of osteonecrosis.
Compared to published findings concerning surgical treatment, results showed
PEMF therapy to be superior in producing improvement.231
Osteoporosis This study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields
on postmenopausal osteoporosis in 10-month-old female rats. Results showed that
EMF treatment for one hour per day for 4 months with a 30-gauss maximum pulse
reduced bone mass loss to within 10 percent, while a 70-gauss maximum pulse
reduced bone mass loss entirely.232
This study examined
the effects of long-term pulsing electromagnetic fields in the form of
repetitive pulse burst waves over a period of 6 months in osteoporotic rats.
Results showed increased bone volume and formation activity.234
This study examined
the effects of a 72-Hz pulsating electromagnetic field administered for 10 hours
per day over a period of 12 weeks on bone density in women prone to
osteoporosis. Results found significant increases in bone mineral density in the
area of EMF exposure.235
In this study,
osteoporosis patients received treatment with pulsed electromagnetic fields (50
G, 50-100 Hz) for 30 minutes per session over a period of two years involving 20
sessions. These subjects were compared to similar patients treated with
calcitonin. Results indicated PEMF to be effective in reducing pain, and to be
even more so when combined with the conventional drug treatment.236
This controlled
study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields in women suffering
from postmenopausal osteoporosis. Treatment consisted of daily 30-minute
exposures for 20 days every six months. Results showed that PEMF treatment
combined with 100 IU per day of nasal spray synthetic salmon calcitonin arrested
bone decrease and significantly increased bone mass relative to patients
receiving drug therapy alone.237
Results of this
study found the use of total-body low-frequency magnetic fields (60 G, 50-100
Hz) to be effective in the treatment of patients suffering from
osteoporosis-related symptoms. Treatment consisted of a total of 15 exposures of
30 minutes each.238
Otitis
Externa
This study examined the effects synchronizing pulse waves in the impaired area
when treating patients suffering from acute diffuse otitis externa with
low-level magnetic fields in combination with conventional therapies. Patients
were divided into three groups. The first received ultrahigh-frequency or
very-high-frequency electromagnetic waves. The second received 15-minute daily
exposures to 50-Hz alternating or pulsating 20-mT magnetic fields. The third
group of patients were treated switching on the same magnetic fields only during
propagation of the pulse wave through the ear vessels. Results showed a 100
percent recovery rate in patients across all three groups, with recovery taking
the least amount of time among those in group 3.239
Pancreatitis
This study found that sinusoidal and continuous low-frequency alternating
magnetic field generated a Polius-1 apparatus exhibited beneficial effects in
patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis.241
This controlled
study examined the effects of combining pulsed electric stimulation and laser
light with conventional treatment in patients suffering from acute pancreatitis.
Results showed the combined therapy to have the most significant effects in
patients with severe forms of the disease.242
Parkinson's Disease
This article reports on the case of a 73-year-old male Parkinson's patients
suffering from disabling resting and postural tremors in the right hand, as well
as other symptoms. Two successive 20-minute treatments with AC pulsed
electromagnetic fields of 7.5-picotesla intensity and 5-Hz frequency sinusoidal
wave led to improvements in visuospatial performance and a legible signature.
Significant improvements in Parkinsonian motor symptoms were also seen following
additional treatments.243
This article reports
on the case of a medicated 61-year-old Parkinson's patient who experienced rapid
reversal of symptoms following a single external application of picotesla-range
magnetic fields.244
This article reports
on four Parkinson's patients who experienced significant improvement in symptoms
following treatment with picotesla-range magnetic fields. Two additional
patients suffering from Parkinson's-related dementia experienced significant
improvements in visuospatial impairment.245
Noting that
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a new and noninvasive method of
direct cortical neuron stimulation, this review article discusses recent studies
showing that TMS has led to improvements in symptoms associated with Parkinson's
disease and depression.246
Results of this
study showed that the application of ELF magnetic fields via a plastic helmet
device housing a set of coils (generating fields of 8 Hz and 7.5 pT) produced
beneficial clinical effects after 30 minutes in patients suffering Parkinson's
disease and multiple sclerosis.247
This article reports
on the cases of two Parkinson's patients who experienced improvements in motor
symptoms following treatment with external application of weak electromagnetic
fields in the picotesla range.248
This article reports
on the cases of three Parkinson's patients on full medication who exhibited an
improvement in right hemispheric functions following a series of treatments with
external application of electromagnetic fields in the picotesla range.249
This article reports
on the case of a nonmedicated 49-year-old male Parkinson's patient who
experienced a dramatic improvement in motor, depressive, and cognitive symptoms
following treatment with brief extracranial applications of picotesla-range
electromagnetic fields.251
This article reports
on the case of a 61-year-old Parkinson's patient who experienced improvements in
the severity of motor problems 30 minutes after treatment with external
application of weak electromagnetic fields in the picotesla range. Sham
treatment had no such effects in the same patient.252
This article reports
on the cases of five Parkinsonian patients on full medication who experienced a
marked improvement in performance on Thurstone's Word-Fluency Test following
treatment with a series of extremely-low-intensity electromagnetic fields in the
picotesla range and of 5-8 Hz frequency.253
This article reports
on the case of a 69-year-old Parkinsonian patient who was able to discontinue
most medication for two weeks following two treatment sessions with extracranial
picotesla-range magnetic fields. Symptoms recurred after three weeks and the
patient received four more magnetic field sessions on consecutive days after
four weeks. The patient was then able to discontinue medications completely.254
This article reports
on the cases of five medicated Parkinsonian patients who experienced
improvements in motor, behavioral, and autonomic functions, and in
visuoconstructional tasks following treatment with extracranial application of
magnetic fields in the picotesla range.255
This article reports
on the cases of three medicated Parkinsonian patients who experienced relief
from disabling periods of freezing gait following treatment with extracerebral
applications of pulsed electromagnetic fields in the picotesla range.256
The cases of four
nondemented Parkinsonian patients under full medication are discussed in this
article. These patients performed poorly on human figure drawing tests
administered to measure body image perception. Treatment with extracerebral
applications of picotesla-range intensity electromagnetic fields led to marked
improvements in body image perception as seen on a repeat of the same test each
patient.257
This article reports
on the cases of four medicated Parkinsonian patients who experienced reversal of
visuospatial impairments as measured the Clock Drawing Test following treatment
with externally applied weak electromagnetic fields of picotesla-range
intensity.258
This article reports
on the case of a 68-year-old male patient suffering from Parkinson's disease
over a period of 7 years. The patient had experienced little relief from
traditional medical therapy. Treatment with external application of
picotesla-range magnetic fields led to quick improvements with respect to tremor
and foot dystonia, gait, postural reflexes, mood, anxiety, and cognitive and
autonomic functions.259
This article reports
on the cases of four Parkinsonian patients who exhibited significant
improvements in motor symptoms following treatment with externally applied
magnetic fields of picotesla-range intensity.260
This article reports
on two cases of fully medicated Parkinson's patients who experienced enhanced
visuoperceptive functions as measured numerous drawing tests following
extracranial treatment with picotesla-range magnetic fields.261
This article reports
on the case of a 69-year-old Parkinsonian patient on full medication who
experienced a marked improvement on several different drawing tests following 30
minutes of treatment with picotesla-range magnetic fields.262
This article reports
on the case of a Parkinson's patient suffering from severe movement problems who
received treatment with external artificial weak magnetic fields with a
frequency of 2 Hz and intensity of 7.5 picotesla over a period of 6 minutes.
Results showed a significant attenuation in disability and near total reversal
of the symptoms lasting approximately 72 hours. The patient then applied
equivalent magnetic fields on a daily basis at home. Sustained improvement was
seen throughout an observation of one month.263
This article reports
on the case of a 67-year-old male patient suffering from Parkinson's disease and
levodopa-related motor fluctuations. Treatment with the application of external
weak magnetic fields led to improvements in general Parkinsonian symptoms along
with the amelioration of "on-off" symptoms.264
Peripheral Neuritis In this study, patients suffering from peripheral neuritis were
exposed to high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on acupuncture points. EMR
was generated Electronica-EnF, Aria, and Porog devices with tunable frequencies
ranging between 53 and 78 GHz. Treatments were daily and lasted 25 minutes.
Results showed full restoration of nerve function in 87 percent of patients.265
Pneumonia
Results of this study showed that magnetic laser therapy decreased the severity
of acute respiratory insufficiency and treatment course, and prevented
destructive complications in children with infiltrative acute destructive
pneumonia between the ages of 1 and 12 years.266
Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
This study found both pulsed magnetic field treatment (20-30 minutes per day)
and whole body alternating current magnetic field treatment (30 minutes per day)
to be effective therapies for post-herpetic neuralgia in older patients. Pulsed
magnetic field treatment consisted of 0.6-T (6-kG) samarium/cobalt magnets
surrounded spiral coils generating a maximum 0.1-T pulse. Pads were pasted on
the sensory areas innervated the dorsal root of the spinal cord where there was
scar-association pain or paresthesia. Stimuli were delivered at 280 V and 8 Hz.
Alternating current magnetic field treatment involved a treatment bed consisting
of 19 electrodes containing paired coils and with a maximum magnetic flux
density around the electrodes of 0.08 T.267
Pseudoarthrosis In this study, 92 congenital pseudoarthrosis patients received
treatment with pulsing electromagnetic fields. Results indicated a 76-percent
rate of lesion recovery.270
In this study, 34
patients with congenital pseudoarthrosis-associated infantile nonunions received
treatment with pulsing electromagnetic fields. Results indicated that 50 percent
experienced full healing, 21 percent experienced healing with need for
protections, and 29 percent experienced failure. The majority of failures were
among men with a history of early fracture. Following the demonstration of coil
effects, the PEMF treatment was combined with surgical realignment,
immobilization, and grafting.271
In this study, 29
congenital pseudoarthrosis patients received extremely-low-frequency pulsing
electromagnetic fields. Results: Over 70 percent experienced full healing, 21
percent experienced healing with need for protections, and 29 percent
experienced failure. The majority of failures were among men with a history of
early fracture.272
In this article, the
authors report on their own clinical use of electrodynamic field therapy in the
treatment of 271 pseudoarthrosis patients over a period of 8 years. They report
bony healing in 92 percent of such cases.273
This study examined
the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on 91 patients with congenital
pseudoarthrosis of the tibia. Results showed an overall success rate of 72
percent.274
Results of this
study indicated that treatment with pulsed electromagnetic fields had beneficial
effects in children suffering from congenital pseudoarthrosis.275
Results of this
study indicated that pulsed electromagnetic fields (72 Hz) can be an effective
therapy for patients suffering from lesions associated with congenital
pseudoarthroses when treatment is combined with appropriate orthopedic
management.276
Psychiatric Disorders
Noting the well-established dangers associated with electroconvulsive therapy,
the author, in this theoretical article, argues that transcranial magnetic
stimulation should be looked at as an alternative psychiatric treatment. The
author asserts that TMS has several advantages over ECT in that it is painless,
noninvasive, and more effective on deep structures of the brain.277
Respiratory Problems Results of this study showed that the use of low-frequency
magnetic fields helped to prevent and treat critically ill patients suffering
from pyoinflammatory bronchopulmonary complications, and to prevent such
complications as well.278
This article reports
on the case of a schizophrenic patient suffering from respiratory difficulties
associated with neuroleptic withdrawal. Treatment using external application of
picotesla-range magnetic fields quickly attenuated the severity of such
problems.279
Sexual
Disorders
Results of this placebo-controlled study showed that magnetotherapy exhibited
beneficial effects with respect to cavernous blood flow in male patients
suffering from sexual problems.280
This study examined
the effects of a combination pulsing magnetic field (PMF)/vacuum therapy in the
treatment of impotence. Vacuum therapy consisted of the penis being placed into
a hermetic cylinder with a negative pressure of 180-260 mmHg for 10-12 minutes
per exposure for a total of 12-15 exposures. PMF therapy consisted of the same
length and number of exposures, with 6 Hz, 30 mT being applied to the penile
area at the same time as vacuum therapy. Results showed that, following the
combination therapy, sexual function was restored in about 71 percent of
patients, was improved in 17 percent, and did not change in 17 percent. For
those patients receiving vacuum therapy only, the numbers were 51, 24, and 24
percent, respectively.281
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study examined the effects of weak magnetic fields in men
suffering from various sexual disorders, including decreased erection and
premature ejaculation. The three different magnetic stimulators used included
the "Biopotenzor," "Eros," and "Bioskan-1" devices. All patients wore one of the
three devices for a 3-week period. Results showed full restoration of sexual
function in 38 percent of patients in the Biopotenzor group, 31 percent in the
Eros group, 36 percent in the Bioskan-1 group, and in just 15 percent of the
controls. Improvements in sexual function were seen among 42 percent, 39
percent, 47 percent, and 18 percent, respectively.282
Sleep
Disorders
Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicated that
low-energy-emission therapy significantly improved sleeping patterns among
patients suffering from chronic psychophysiological insomnia. Therapy was
administered 3 times per week, always in late afternoon and for 20 minutes, over
a period of 4 weeks.284
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study examined the effects of low-energy emission therapy (27
MHz amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields) in patients suffering from
insomnia. Treatment consisted of 3 exposures per week over a 4-week period.
Results showed significant increases in total sleep time among patients in the
treatment group relative to controls.285
This review article
notes that studies have found low-energy emission therapy to be effective in the
treatment of chronic insomnia, and suggests that it may also be of value for
patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorders.286
Spinal
Cord Injury
Results of this study found that exposure to constant magnetic fields improved
healing in rats with experimentally induced spinal cord injury, and in human
patients suffering from spinal cord trauma as well.287
This study examined
the effects of functional magnetic stimulation used to treat spinal cord injury
in seven male patients. Results showed the treatment to be an effective
noninvasive approach.288
Stroke
Results of this study demonstrated that treatment with sinusoidal modulated
currents coupled with transcerebral magnetic fields proved more effective than
either therapy on its own in the treatment of stroke patients during the period
of early rehabilitation.290
This study found
that exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields following focal cerebral ischemia
provided significant protection against neuronal damage, in rabbits.291
Results of this
study pointed to the efficacy of magnetic field therapy in the treatment of
patients suffering from a variety of conditions associated with different brain
vascular diseases.292
Synovitis
This study examined the effects of magnetic fields on synovitis in rats. Results
showed that the placement of a 3800-gauss magnet on the bottom of the cage
significantly suppressed inflammation associated with the condition, relative to
controls.293
Tendonitis
Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicated that pulsed
electromagnetic field therapy exhibited significant beneficial effects in the
treatment of patients suffering from persistent rotator cuff tendonitis.294
Tourette's Syndrome
This article reports on the case of a 6-year-old boy suffering from Tourette's
syndrome who experienced improvements in visuoconstructional and visuomotor
skills, along with more general symptomatic improvements, following the
extracranial application of electromagnetic fields in the picotesla range of
intensity.295
Tuberculosis
This study examined the efficacy of millimeter waves combined with conventional
drug treatment in patients suffering from tuberculosis. MW therapy consisted of
10 exposures of the thymus area for 60 minutes per day using a "Yavor" apparatus
(6.4 or 7.1 mm wavelength). Controls received drug treatment only. Results
indicated that while MW/drug therapy had no effect on the clearance of the
tuberculosis bacteria, it did facilitate clinical recovery faster than drug
therapy alone.296
This study examined
the effects of extremely-high-frequency therapy as administered via a
"Yav'-1-7,1" apparatus (7.1 mm wavelength) on tuberculosis patients. Results
showed a 25-percent improvement in patients receiving the therapy as a
pathogenic treatment. A 72-percent improvement rate was seen among patients who
received the therapy as treatment for concurrent diseases.297
This controlled
study examined the effects of constant elastic electromagnetic fields (40 mT) in
patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. Therapy consisted of 30-45
minute daily application of either a single magnet or a pair of magnets placed
on the chest at an area high in skin temperature over a 1-3 month period. When
coupled with conventional treatments, one third of patients receiving the
constant electromagnetic fields experienced healing of tubercular cavities.
contrast, only one fifth of patients receiving conventional treatment alone
experienced such effects. One month into combination treatment, there was no
evidence of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum in half the patients
relative to only one third of controls.298
Ulcers
(Gastric and Duodenal)
Results of this study showed that the administration of millimetric
electromagnetic waves helped to normalize blood properties, subsequently
improving the effectiveness of more conventional gastric and duodenal ulcer
treatment.303
This study examined
the effects of millimeter wave (MW) therapy in 317 patients suffering from
duodenal and gastric ulcers. MW therapy consisted of 30 minutes per day exposure
of the epigastric area ("Yav'-1" apparatus, 10 mW/cm2, 5.6-mm wavelength) until
complete ulcer cicatrization was achieved. Results showed a 95-percent rate of
ulcer cicatrization in patients receiving the treatment compared to a 78-percent
rate in controls. One year follow up showed a 54-percent ulcer recurrence rate
in MW-treated patients, which was markedly less than the rate for controls.306
This controlled
study found extremely-high-frequency therapy to be an effective treatment in
patients suffering from duodenal ulcers. Treatment consisted of 5-10 exposures,
lasting 20-30 minutes, and making use of the G4-142 apparatus (53.5-70.0 GHz
frequency range).308
This study compared
the effects of traditional drug treatment (TDT) to those of microwave resonance
therapy (MRT) in patients suffering from duodenal ulcers. Results indicated the
mean hospital stay for patients in the TDT group was approximately 22 days.
Throughout this period, ulcers healed in 38 percent of patients, were reduced in
17 percent, showed no change in 43 percent, and increased in 2 percent. No pain
relief was seen in 32 percent. contrast, mean discharge time for patients in the
MRT group was approximately 12 days. Pain was generally stopped in 3-6 days.
Complete healing occurred in 81 percent, a decrease was seen in 16 percent, and
ulcer size did not change in just 3 percent. Remission occurred in 98 percent of
such patients.310
In this study,
microwave resonance therapy (MRT) was administered to 2642 patients suffering
from duodenal ulcers and to 78 with gastric ulcers. Treatment involved the use
of a G4-142 device (53.6-78.3 GHz, less than 2 mW/cm2 incident power) as well as
"Electronika-KVCh" and "Porog-1" devices. Patients received 6-12 daily exposures
of between 20 and 25 minutes. Results showed a total ulcer cicatrization in 80
percent of patients, and arrested pain syndrome in almost 100 percent.311
Ulcers
(Trophic) This study examined the use of magnetotherapy coupled with
galvanization and intratissue electrophoresis in 86 patients suffering from
trophic ulcers. A "Potok-1" apparatus with a density of current equal to
0.05-0.1 mA/cm2 was used to create an electrical field. The "MAG-30" apparatus
for low-frequency magnetotherapy with induction of 30 mT and area of exposure of
20 cm2 was applied to a trophic ulcer site at the same time. Results led the
authors to conclude that magnetogalvanotherapy is the recommended treatment for
trophic ulcers of the lower extremities.299
This review article
discusses the theoretical and clinical applications of magnetic field therapy in
the treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower limbs.300
This study looked at
the effects of conventional trophic ulcer treatment alone and in combination
with alternating magnetic field (AMF) or constant magnetic field (CMF) exposures
in a group of patients suffering from various types of trophic ulcers of the
lower limbs. Results showed an average hospital stay of 31 days in the CMF group
and 27 days in the AMF group, compared to 40 days among controls. Based on these
and related findings, the authors suggest combination AMF therapy to be most
effective.304
This
placebo-controlled study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields
in the treatment of decubitus ulcers in hospitalized elderly patients with stage
II and III pressure ulcers. Patients received daily PEMF stimulation in
conjunction with conventional treatment for a period of up to 5 weeks. The
findings were that combined PEMF/conventional treatment was superior to
conventional treatment and to the placebo received controls.305
Results of this
study found that the daily use of electromagnetolaser therapy decreased mean
healing time in patients suffering from lower extremity trophic ulcers to
approximately 18 days, compared with approximately 26 days in patients receiving
laser therapy alone.307
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study found that treatment with nonthermal pulsed
electromagnetic energy (PEMET) accelerated would healing in spinal cord injury
patients suffering from stage II and III pressure ulcers. PEMET treatment
consisted of pulsed 27.12-MHz energy produced via a Diapulse device. Energy was
delivered the use of a treatment head placed in wound dressings, in 30-minute
periods twice a day for 12 weeks or until sores healed.312
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields
(75 Hz, 2.7 mT) applied 4 hours per day for a maximum of 3 months coupled with
conventional therapies in patients suffering from trophic lesions. Results
showed the treatment to have positive effects, but only on small lesions.314
Urinary
Problems In this article, the authors report on their successful use of
magnetic-laser therapy in inflammations of the urinary system in a urological
clinic setting.316
Results of this
study showed magnetolaser therapy to be effective in the treatment of patients
suffering from urolithiasis (stone formation). Magnetolaser therapy involved the
use of a Milita device with a 35-mT magnetic field.317
Wound
Healing This study examined the effects of static magnetic fields on
postoperative wounds in 21 patients undergoing plastic surgery. Magnetic patches
ranging in thickness from 1 to 6 mm, and 2450 to 3950 G field strength were
administered over the area of operation for a total of 48 hours. Thirteen
patients received the magnets after pain or edema had appeared and 8 received
them prophylactically. Results showed a decrease in pain, edema, and coloration
in approximately 60 percent of patients. Such symptoms disappeared entirely in
75 percent.321
Results of this
study indicated that treatment with pulsating electromagnetic field either alone
or in combination with laser therapy exhibited healing effects with respect to
peripheral nerve lesions and general wound healing relative to controls.322
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study examined the effects of a magnetic treatment device
taped over the carpal tunnel against wrist pain sustained at work among a group
of turkey plant employees. Results showed that the device was effective in
alleviating such pain and that it was free of side effects.323
Results of this
controlled study showed that low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields
produced significant beneficial cutaneous wound healing effects in rats.324
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study found that treatment with nonthermal pulsed
radiofrequency energy accelerated would healing in spinal cord injury patients
suffering from stage II and III pressure ulcers. RF treatment consisted of
pulsed 27.12-MHz energy produced via a Diapulse device, with energy delivered
via a treatment head placed in wound dressings, in 30-minute periods twice a day
for 12 weeks or until sores healed.325
After a discussion
of the mechanics involved in the use of pulsed electromagnetic energy in the
treatment of disease, the author discusses findings from recent studies pointing
to the therapy's effectiveness with respect to the treatment of acute
soft-tissue lesions.326
Results of this
placebo-controlled study indicated that low-intensity continuous microwave
radiation administered over a period of 7 days was effective in treating
post-operative purulent wounds associated with abdominal surgery.327
Results of this
study showed that combined magneto/laser therapy reduced inflammation and wound
suppuration, and enhanced tissue healing significantly in patients suffering
from gunshot wounds relative to conventional treatment only.328
Noting that pulsed
electromagnetic fields have been used in bone healing for more than 20 years,
this review article cites recent results from both animal and human studies
pointing to the efficacy of PEMF in the treatment of soft-tissue injuries as
well.329
This double-blind
study examined the effects of postoperative nonthermal pulsed high-frequency
electromagnetic fields on edema formation and bruise healing in boys undergoing
orchidopexy. Treatment involved exposure 3 times daily for the first 4 days
following surgery. Significant effects with respect to rate of bruise resolution
were reported in patients receiving the treatment relative to controls.330
This controlled
study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields in patients
suffering from chronic productive inflammation or orbital tissue. PEMF treatment
consisted of 7-10 minute daily exposures over a period of 10 days. Controls
received conventional treatment only. Both groups showed good improvement, but
patients treated with the PEMFs recovered significantly faster than did
controls.331
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197. R.
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198. R.
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199. R.
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200. R.
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201. R.
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202. R.
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203. R.
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204. R.
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205. R.
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206. R.
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207. R.
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208. R.
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International Journal of Urology, August 2004, 11, 602-606.
Yokoyama T; Inoue M; Fujita O; Nozaki K; Nose H; Kumon H. Preliminary results of
the effect of Extracorporeal magnetic stimulation on urinary incontinence after
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Weintraub M. Magnetotherapy: Historical Background with a Stimulating Future.
New York Medical College , USA . Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation
Medicine, 16(2): 95-108 (2004).
SERIOUS SPINAL-CORD injuries often cause permanent paralysis. But research at
Purdue University suggests that electrical fields can repair the damage and
restore bodily sensation. The Andara OFS puts these findings to use. Doctors
attach an implantable battery pack, plus six electrical leads, above and below
the injured area. The electrodes emit an oscillating, low-voltage current that
creates an electrical field around the injury and jump-starts the growth of
nerve cells. In clinical tests, the device enabled paralyzed patients to detect
sensory stimuli like heat and pain, which could help prevent accidents and
infections. The device might even lead to movement in the hands, arms and legs.
Expect the FDA to approve the Andara OFS next year. cyberkinetics.com
5 Dec 2010 ... Cancer can be
"burned up" with a new technique
that uses magnetic pulses to heat
tumour cells until they die.
www.telegraph.co.uk/.../Cancer-cells-can-be-burned-up-with-magnetic-pulses.html
7 Dec 2010 ... Cancer can be
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uses magnetic pulses to heat tumour
cells until they die.
www.independent.ie/.../cancer-cells-can-be-burned-up-with-magnetic-pulses-2450710.html
5 Dec 2010 ... Cancer can be
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses.
telegraph.co.uk/health ... m.current.com/.../92846709_cancer-cells-can-be-burned-up-with-magnetic-pulses.htm
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Cancer cells can be burned up
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Cancer cells can be burned up
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Cancer_Wisdom says: Cancer cells
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses · Dec 6,
2010 4:24am by Elle D'CodaTweet.
Cancer can be "burned up" with a new
technique that uses ...
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses Cancer can
be "burned up" with a new technique
that uses magnetic pulses to heat
tumour ...
lunaticoutpost.com/Topic-Cancer-cells-can-be-burned-up-with-magnetic-pulses
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12 Jun 2010 ...Cancer
cells ''can be burned up with
magnetic pulses''. London, Dec
6 (PTI) British scientists have
claimed that cancer could be "burned
up" ...
news.in.msn.com/international/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4665492
- Ινδία
5 Dec 2010 ...Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
pulses. Cancer can be “burned
up” with a new technique that uses
magnetic pulses to heat tumour
...
health.excitingtrend.com/?p=2592
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses ·
Telegraph.co.uk - Submitted: 23
min ago. Cancer can be burned up
with a new technique that uses
...
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses. Daily
Telegraph - Sun ...
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7 Dec 2010 ...Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
pulses. Cancer can be “burned
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www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=231718
Cancer can be "burned up" with a new
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www.care2.com/news/member/.../2668500
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5 Dec 2010 ... Read
Cancer cells can be burned up with
magnetic pulses on Telegraph.
Leave a comment. The details you
provide on this page [e-mail
address] ...
www.sciencecentric.com/.../minuscule_article-telegraph-cancer-cells-can-be-burned-up-with-magnetic-pulses.html
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses — Cancer
can be 'burned ...
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7 Dec 2010 ...Cancer
cells can be 'burned up' with
magnetic pulses. Dec 07, 2010
|. PTI. |. London · Email this page
· Printer-friendly version ...
www.asianage.com/.../cancer-cells-can-be-‘burned-up’-magnetic-pulses-264
5 Dec 2010 ... They contend
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5 Dec 2010 ...Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
pulses. Scientists have found
they can surround cancer cells with
tiny particles of iron oxide ...
whatreallyhappened.com/.../cancer-cells-can-be-burned-magnetic-pulses
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4 Dec 2010 ...Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
pulses.
science.mynucleus.org/.../_health_healthnews_8181424_cancer_c
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Αμερικής -
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Cancer can be "burned up" with a new
technique that uses magnetic pulses
to heat tumour cells until they die.
organizedwisdom.com/cancer-cells-can-be-burned-up-with-magnetic-pulses.../med
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6 Dec 2010 ... Tehran Times |
Cancer can be burned up with a new
technique that uses magnetic pulses
to heat tumor cells until they die.
www.bioportfolio.com/.../Cancer-Cells-Can-Be-Burned-Up-With-Magnetic-Pulses.html
- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της
Αμερικής
7 Dec 2010 ... Scientists
have found they can surround cancer
cells with tiny particles of iron
oxide that vibrate when in a
magnetic field, ...
www.fdanews.com/newsletter/article?articleId=132472&issueId=14277
5 Dec 2010 ...Cancer
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...
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"Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses" The Daily
Telegraph - 2010-12-06 04:08:19
Cancer can be "burned up" with a new
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses
[Telegraph.co.uk] Dec. 4 ...
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Theft Of The Falcone Funds · The
White Hat Report #1 · Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
pulses · WikiLeaks Revelation:
The U.S. Tortured an ...
wemustknow.net/ -
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Cancer can be "burned up" with a new
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...
myprops.org/content/Cancer-cells-can-be-burned-up-with-magnetic-pulses/
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Cancer cells can be burned up
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Cancer cells can be burned up
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telegraph.co.uk - 12-6-10.
Scientists have found they can
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5 Dec 2010 ...Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
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Cancer can be “burned up” with a new
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5 Dec 2010 ...Cancer
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it. surround cancer cells with tiny
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses Search
Related. Cancer can be "burned up"
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Cancer cells can be burned up
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can be "burned up" with a new
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x1news.com/news-search-burned-up.html
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Where am I? - Home » All News »
Breaking News » Short News.
Cancer cells ''can be burned up with
magnetic pulses'' · Read Full
Story at MSN India » ...
allnews.in/all-news//short-news/Cancer-cells-3939can-be.../704563
Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses: Cancer
can be "burned up" with a new
technique that uses mag...
http://bit.ly/fbyPZH about 17 hours
ago ...
twitter.com/Cancer_Wisdom -
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses. Tests in
mice have shown this can raise the
temperature of the tumour cells by
six degrees above body ...
www.pageinsider.com/sixdegrees.com
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses [Telegraph
- 19 hours ago]. More Content. All |
News | Reports | Blogs | Audio/Video
| Fact Sheets ...
www.silobreaker.com/health-7_47
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses: Cancer
can be "burned up" with a new
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to heat tumour cells until they
...
www.biotechinbrussels.be/.../Itemid,24/
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6 Dec 2010 ...Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
pulses >> * Over-reactive
immune system kills young adults
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futureseek.wordpress.com/.../tristan’s-daily-link-review-6-december-2010/
5 Dec 2010...Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
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http://ff.im/-uIMdY 9 hours
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses -
Telegraph. Cancer can be "burned
up" with a new technique that uses
magnetic pulses to heat tumour
...
www.sasrutha.com/?search=cancer
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1 Dec 2010 ...Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
pulses. They say they can
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...
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Cancer cells can be burned up
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses - Daily
TelegraphCancer cells can be
burned up with magnetic pulses
Cancer can be "burned ...
interceder.net/list/Beckett -
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4 Dec 2010 ...Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
pulses. 1 day ago. Cancer can
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to ...
timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/search?q=Hyperthermia
Cancer cells can be burned up
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technique that uses magnetic
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(12:05) ...
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Cancer cells can be burned up
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Cancer cells can be burned up
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Dec 2010 03:23:16 -0800. Cancer
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6 Dec 2010 ... The Secret
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29 Jul 2010 ...Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
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The 9 Best Winter Foods ...
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5 Aug 2007 ...Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
pulses - Cancer can be "burned
up" with a new technique that uses
magnetic pulses to heat tumour
...
www.newsphiles.org/telegraph-newspaper-online-uk-news-feed/
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses.
irish-independent Tuesday, December
7, 2010 11:13:00 AM CET | info More
about this article. ...
emm.newsbrief.eu/NewsBrief/countryedition/en/GB.htm
30 Oct 2010 ... << Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
pulses >> Cancer can be burned
up with a new technique that uses
magnetic pulses to heat ...
www.mister-x.it/.../last_news.asp?id...
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses -
Telegraph view story. 1. Vote.
Submitted by TwitterSubmitter; about
14 hours ago ...
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4 Dec 2010 ...Cancer
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5 Dec 2010 ... by: suman.
Fastest crossing of Antarctica
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5 Dec 2010 ...Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
pulses. 4 December 2010 18:42.
Cancer can be "burned up" with a new
technique that uses magnetic ...
tellthetelegraph.net/static/getting-started
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4 Dec 2010 ...Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
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03:23:16 -0800. Cancer can be
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that ...
1acancer.com/news.php -
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses. Sun,
12/05/2010 - 03:58. Adult stem cell
research brings encouragement to
disabled ...
www.examiner.com/stem-cells-in-anchorage
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses
(04.12.2010 19:42). Cancer can be
"burned up" with a new technique
that uses magnetic pulses to heat
...
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... Get The look: Leighton
Meester 07.12-10:25; Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
pulses 07.12-10:15; Clooney to
bring Enron to cinema 07.12-10:12
...
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses... 07 Dec
2010 - 10:16; Germ Cops Help
Hospitals Prevent Infection... 07
Dec 2010 - 10:16; How to Treat a
...
health.einnews.com/ -
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6 Dec 2010 ...Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
pulses · HEALTH.
www.telegraph.co.uk. by.
Anonymous. 15 hours, 17 minutes ago
...
www.subbmitt.com/article.php?a=44670
Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses4 December
2010, 8:42 pm. Cancer can be "burned
up" with a new technique that uses
magnetic pulses to heat ...
www.worldpronews.com/ -
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11 Nov 2010 ...Cancer
cells can be burned up with magnetic
pulses. The researchers hope
that the new technique, known as
hyperthermia therapy, ...
www.asbestos-mesothelioma-disease.com/Effects-Of-Lung-Cancer
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RT @RiGB_science: Cancer cells
can be burned up with magnetic
pulses - Telegraph
http://t.co/fwHPRwP; RT @WiredUK:
Formula 1 will get green engines in
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Burning rogue cells with magnetic
pulse to fight cancer Times of
India. Cancer cells can be
burned up with magnetic pulses
Tehran Times ...
www.congoo.com/fizika -
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Cancer cells can be burned up
with magnetic pulses. 50.
Cancer news blog - Health News |
Health News |. Cancer can be "burned
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rigb_science Cancer cells can be
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